Functional Psychiatry Articles & News from Psychiatry Redefined

Dr. James Greenblatt Shares His Views About the Functional Medicine Model of Depression

Original interview by Sheldon Baker for Advances in Mind-Body Medicine. – – – – – – – Advances in Mind-Body…

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Dr. James Greenblatt Shares His Views About the Functional Medicine Model of Depression

Original interview by Sheldon Baker for Advances in Mind-Body Medicine. – – – – – – – Advances in Mind-Body Medince (Advances): Congratulations on your…

Psychiatry Redefined07/28/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Top Functional Psychiatry Certifications and Courses for PMHNPs (2026 Guide)

Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs) are increasingly searching for ways to expand beyond traditional medication management and provide more personalized, effective mental healthcare. Patients…

Psychiatry Redefined07/27/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

PMHNP CME Opportunities in Functional & Integrative Psychiatry: How to Choose Education That Actually Changes Your Practice

As a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), continuing education isn't simply about maintaining licensure. It's about becoming the clinician you envisioned when you entered…

Psychiatry Redefined07/10/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What States Can PMHNPs Practice Independently?

If you're considering becoming a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP)—or you're already practicing—you've likely asked an important career question: What states allow PMHNPs to…

Psychiatry Redefined07/08/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Starting a PMHNP Private Practice: What Every Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Should Know

For many Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs), opening a private practice represents something much bigger than becoming your own boss. It's the opportunity to…

Psychiatry Redefined07/07/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What Are the Principles of Integrative Psychiatry?

Mental healthcare is evolving. While medications remain an important part of treatment for many individuals, more clinicians and patients are asking a different question: What…

Psychiatry Redefined06/23/2026

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Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine & Functional Psychiatry are at a Crossroads

Written by Kathleen Friend, MD | Psychiatry Redefined Alum Functional medicine—and its younger sibling, functional psychiatry—are at a crossroads. Once known only to a small…

Psychiatry Redefined06/22/2026

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Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 2

In Part 1 of this series, we defined nutraceutical as a wide variety of products derived from foods or other biological substances that are marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/08/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 1

The nutraceutical industry has become a massive global business that lives somewhere between food, wellness culture, preventive medicine, and pharmaceuticals. It is not surprising that…

Psychiatry Redefined06/04/2026

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Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Shielding the Brain From Alzheimer’s

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Alzheimer’s disease begins decades before symptoms appear, well before memory loss becomes…

James Greenblatt, MD06/03/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Gummy Medicine Cabinet: Pediatric Risks of OTC Supplements

Why “Natural” Products Still Require Adult Supervision Have you walked through Costco or a grocery store lately? The shelves are filled with “natural” supplements marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/02/2026

Laughing couple sitting on bed indoors, embracing with joy and warmth.

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Are Antidepressants Anti-Sex?

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Sexual dissatisfaction is linked with higher rates of depression. Antidepressants frequently cause…

James Greenblatt, MD06/01/2026

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ADHD Depression Nutritional Lithium

Irritability: An Overlooked Symptom in ADHD and Depression

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Irritability is one of the most distressing and overlooked features of ADHD…

James Greenblatt, MD05/26/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Importance of Vitamin B12 for Mental Health

A Functional Psychiatry Perspective on Mood, Memory, Energy, and Brain Health Mental health symptoms are often treated as isolated psychiatric conditions—but what if some cases…

Psychiatry Redefined05/22/2026

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine

What Is the Gut-Brain Axis?

Why Functional Psychiatry Is Paying Attention to the Connection Between the Gut and Mental Health For decades, mental health treatment has focused primarily on the…

Psychiatry Redefined05/20/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Treating Low Iron & Mental Health Symptoms at the Root Cause

The Functional Psychiatry Perspective on Iron Deficiency and Mental Health Fatigue. Anxiety. Brain fog. Poor concentration. Low motivation. Depression. Irritability. Insomnia. These symptoms are often…

Psychiatry Redefined05/19/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Connection Between Zinc and Mental Health: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

Mental health is complex—and increasingly, research continues to show that nutrition and biology play a far greater role in emotional well-being than many clinicians once…

Psychiatry Redefined05/18/2026

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Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Long COVID and Serotonin: What’s Happening in Your Gut May Be Behind Your Brain Fog

Months after the fever broke and the cough cleared, something still isn't right. The word-finding struggles. The mental fatigue that sleep doesn't fix. The feeling…

Psychiatry Redefined04/29/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Latest Trends in Integrative Psychiatry in 2026

Mental healthcare is changing. More clinicians are asking an important question: What if symptoms like depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, and burnout are not simply chemical…

Psychiatry Redefined04/28/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Depression and Psychedelics: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

Interest in psychedelics for depression treatment is growing rapidly. From media headlines to policy discussions, many clinicians and patients are asking whether psychedelic therapies may…

Psychiatry Redefined04/24/2026

ADHD Depression Nutritional Lithium

Irritability: An Overlooked Symptom in ADHD and Depression

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Irritability is one of the most distressing and overlooked features of ADHD…

James Greenblatt, MD05/26/2026

ADHD Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Functional Psychiatry: Effective Supplements for ADHD

It seems that ADHD is being discussed (and diagnosed) more than ever and as a result, providers, patients, and families are looking to expand the…

James Greenblatt, MD09/30/2025

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ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Solutions for ADHD: A Perspective on Natural Approaches

As a globally recognized pioneer in functional and integrative psychiatry, I was pleased to contribute to an article recently published in Woman’s World titled “The…

James Greenblatt, MD07/16/2025

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ADHD

The Role of Neurotransmitters in Attention, Focus and Behavior

The following article from PURE Encapsulations offers a solid introduction to key biological factors in ADHD—an important reminder that ADHD is more than just behavior;…

Psychiatry Redefined05/12/2025

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

The ADHD Conversation Is Evolving—But Are We Still Missing the Full Picture?

The New York Times Magazine article, Have We Been Thinking About A.D.H.D. All Wrong? by Paul Tough (April 13, 2025), dives into the complexities of…

James Greenblatt, MD04/15/2025

Three young women enjoying a cheerful selfie outdoors in a sunny park, capturing fun and friendship.

ADHD

The Silent Minority: Understanding ADHD in Girls & Women

The Silent Minority: Understanding ADHD in Girls and Women When ADHD is mentioned, the most common image is often of a young boy who can’t…

James Greenblatt, MD04/03/2025

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Holistic ADHD Treatment for Kids

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD for short, is a common problem in children that can present both challenges and opportunities. While medication can be useful for…

James Greenblatt, MD02/20/2025

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ADHD Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids for Pediatric ADHD

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Stimulant medications like Adderall, Ritalin, and all of their subtly different…

Psychiatry Redefined02/12/2025

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ADHD Sleep Disorders

ADHD and Sleep Disorders: Understanding the Connection and Exploring Integrative Solutions

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. While its effects on occupational, academic, and social functioning…

Psychiatry Redefined01/28/2025

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ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Reclaim Your Focus With Functional Medicine for Adult ADHD

For adults living with ADHD, life can feel like a never-ending juggling act. Deadlines slip through the cracks, relationships strain under impulsivity, and focus feels…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2025

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Revealing ADHD Root Causes Through Functional Medicine

The diagnosis was ADHD, and the solution seemed almost too simple: a daily dose of medication. At first, it worked like magic—there was quiet in…

James Greenblatt, MD01/18/2025

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ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine Treatment for ADHD: Adults vs. Children

Imagine sitting down to focus on a simple task—paying a bill, reading an email, or helping your child with homework. For those with ADHD, whether…

James Greenblatt, MD01/16/2025

ADHD

The Importance of Iron in ADHD: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions of children and adults worldwide. Depending on the specific subtype, individuals with ADHD can…

James Greenblatt, MD10/26/2024

ADHD Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

What is Functional Medicine for ADHD?

Imagine sitting in class, staring at the math problem in front of you, but no matter how hard you try, your mind keeps drifting off…

James Greenblatt, MD10/19/2024

ADHD Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Exploring OPCs as a Safe, Effective Alternative for ADHD

For many living with ADHD, focusing on even the simplest task can feel like trying to catch smoke with your hands—it’s frustrating and impossible to…

James Greenblatt, MD10/17/2024

Smiling Women and Men Sitting on Green Grass

ADHD Binge-Eating

The Links Between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder & Binge Eating

While it doesn’t often receive a lot of attention, obesity is a common comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An analysis from 2024 found that having…

James Greenblatt, MD08/06/2024

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ADHD

Are We Gender-Biased When Diagnosing and Treating ADHD?

Who do you picture when you think of someone with ADHD? If you’re like most of us, your first thought is probably of a hyperactive,…

James Greenblatt, MD06/11/2024

boys making silly faces and acting goofy

ADHD

New Study Finds Rates of ADHD Increased in US: Why Do Rates Keep Rising?

A new report from the National Center for Health Statistics outlines the latest survey data around attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses in the United States (Reuben…

James Greenblatt, MD03/28/2024

ADHD

Is Excess Copper Causing Your Child’s ADHD Symptoms?

The trace minerals copper and zinc must be in balance. Frequently, in children with ADHD, they are not. A Potential Source of Toxic Copper Exposure:…

James Greenblatt, MD02/12/2024

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Are You Prescribing Vitamin N?

There’s the green pill and the blue pill—and they’re both very potent. “N” stands for nature—and I’m hardly the first person to suggest that spending…

James Greenblatt, MD01/26/2024

ADHD Eating Disorders Suicide Prevention

ADHD and the Risk of Other Mental Health Disorders

ADHD and Mental Health Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most common mental health conditions among children in the United States. The diagnosis…

James Greenblatt, MD09/06/2023

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

An Easy Guide to Mindfulness and Meditation Techniques for Your Child’s ADHD

Mindfulness and meditation are effective alternatives to medication for many mental disorders like ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). This is one such disorder with many…

James Greenblatt, MD05/03/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional Lithium

Why Low-Dose Nutritional Lithium Should Be an Option for ADHD

Most people haven't heard about the connection between lithium and ADHD. Lithium is a mineral—albeit an unusual one so soft you can cut it with…

James Greenblatt, MD05/02/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Studies Show a Positive Effect from Supplementing Magnesium and Vitamin B in Treating ADHD

Most doctors believe proper diet and nutrition is fundamental in helping treat ADHD symptoms in both adults and children. In recent years, science has started…

James Greenblatt, MD04/26/2022

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

The Intriguing Connection Between Gut Bacteria and ADHD

ADHD and your gut health are an incredibly important connection. That's because bacteria are almost literally everywhere around us. From desert sands to Antarctic ice,…

James Greenblatt, MD04/23/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Understanding How Neurotransmitter Precursors Can Help Your ADHD Child

Key Points: ADHD symptoms are closely linked to imbalances in key neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Nutrient precursors (e.g., tyrosine, tryptophan) and cofactors (B6,…

James Greenblatt, MD04/21/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

14 Signs Your ADHD Child Has Too Much Copper in Their System

Copper is considered an essential mineral in the diet. But too much copper is a toxic ticket to misery and can lead to headaches and…

James Greenblatt, MD04/14/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Why Your ADHD Child Needs More Vitamin D

In ADHD, dopamine is often too low. So is GABA. And so is serotonin. The likely results of low levels of those neurotransmitters? Activity becomes…

James Greenblatt, MD04/13/2022

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ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

What the Studies Say About Lithium and ADHD

Most people have never heard of the idea of using low-dose lithium as a supplement — for any disorder, including ADHD. But high-dose, pharmaceutical lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD04/13/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

ADHD Diet for Kids: 7 Reasons To Say No To Soda

Everyone knows soda is full of sugar and sugar leads to weight gain. But causing your child to be extra “husky” is not the only…

James Greenblatt, MD04/12/2022

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ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

The 10 Things to Do When Starting Your Child on ADHD Medication

As an integrative psychiatrist who’s treated behavioral, mental and emotional problems with drug and non-drug therapies for over 30 years, I always look to address…

James Greenblatt, MD04/12/2022

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ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

How Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol) Can Help Regulate ADHD Symptoms

I have treated ADHD patients for over 30 years with great success by combining not only a medicinal approach, but also by first helping patients…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

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ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

Dairy and ADHD

Is Milk Worth It? Many children with ADHD often suffer from an associated milk allergy, too. That's why I often tell the parents of my…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Magnesium Supplementation: A First Step Towards Treating a Child With ADHD

I’ve treated thousands of ADHD children for more than 30 years—and I can’t remember a single ADHD child who didn’t benefit from taking a magnesium…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

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ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

How the ADHD Brain Processes Sugar Differently

There is the old belief that all hyperactivity comes from giving your child too many sweets. While some research does claim that chronic sugar, or…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

A contemplative child rests on a desk in a quiet classroom setting.

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

A Lack of Magnesium is Hurting Our ADHD Children

The sources of food we eat looks drastically different from our beginning way back in the stone age. Even though scientists aren’t 100% sure what…

James Greenblatt, MD04/08/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

An Obscure Allergy May Be Causing Your Child’s ADHD Symptoms: Immunoglobulin G

When parents think of food allergies affecting their children, peanut allergies are often the number one contender. It’s when a child inadvertently eats a peanut-containing…

James Greenblatt, MD04/03/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Your ADHD Child

As a clinical psychiatrist, parents often bring their children to me expecting to be told that their child has some serious mental disorder only for…

James Greenblatt, MD03/30/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Is Poor Sleep Exacerbating Your Child’s ADHD?

Good sleep and good health are like night and day—you can’t have one without the other. Unfortunately, a lot of us have lost the ability…

James Greenblatt, MD03/24/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

How to Treat Sleep Issues in ADHD Children

As a parent of an ADHD child, do you ever stop to wonder if your child has problems sleeping? If so, don’t worry, you’re not…

James Greenblatt, MD03/13/2022

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Mindfulness Works So Well for ADHD

Being a psychiatrist doesn’t only involve ensuring my patients have the proper nutrients for healthy brain function and prescribing medication when needed. I also need…

James Greenblatt, MD03/13/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

The Important Role of Copper and Zinc in Children With ADHD

Getting too much copper in your diet or environment can hurt the brain. Getting enough zinc is a must for a healthy brain. But nearly…

James Greenblatt, MD03/11/2022

ADHD Binge-Eating Eating Disorders

Is There A Link Between ADHD & Eating Disorders?

ADHD on the Rise ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common mental health conditions among children in the U.S. The diagnosis rate…

James Greenblatt, MD02/15/2022

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ADHD

ADHD Treatment Plan (Lifestyle)

ADHD PLUS-MINUS TREATMENT PLAN + FOCUSED LIFESTYLE TREATMENTS The plan below is part of a guide for practitioners to add elements (+) or remove them…

James Greenblatt, MD02/03/2022

ADHD

Understanding ADHD: 4 Ways to Support a Loved One

Your loved one is scrambling to find their keys in their disorganized bag, and you’re already running late. Or, you’re in the middle of a…

James Greenblatt, MD01/12/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

The Ultimate (ADHD) Brain Food

By James M. Greenblatt, MD, and Bill Gottlieb, CHC Most people who have been diagnosed with ADHD have heard all about the benefits of omega-3…

James Greenblatt, MD01/05/2022

a young boy eating a piece of watermelon

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Dietary Influences on Behavioral Problems in Children

It is well known that our food choices play a role in our long-term physical health. It is less recognized that nutrition can have profound…

James Greenblatt, MD01/02/2022

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ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Back to School and ADHD: New Research

The practice of medicine is amazing, insightful and powerful—when it’s accurate. When it relies on falsehoods or incorrect interpretations, it leads patients and their families…

James Greenblatt, MD01/02/2022

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ADHD

Trouble Focusing? Here’s What to Do & What to Avoid

After three decades of treating thousands of children and adolescents with ADHD, I’ve learned this essential fact about the disorder: ADHD is not a "behavior…

James Greenblatt, MD01/02/2022

woman in white floral shirt raising her hands

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

Women and ADHD: An Un-Recognized and Under-Treated Problem

Sarah, age 33, an editor working for a food magazine in Massachusetts, has difficulty making friends because of her “flighty” and overly emotional behavior. She…

James Greenblatt, MD01/02/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

A Functional Medicine Approach to ADHD: Using OPCs

From the Desk of Dr. James Greenblatt There is a growing body of unequivocal empirical evidence that validates ADHD as a neurologic, brain-based disorder, represented…

James Greenblatt, MD08/20/2021

A bunch of blackberries hanging from a tree

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

OPCs for the Treatment of ADHD: A Functional Medicine Approach

By James Greenblatt, MD, Jennifer Dimino, Winnie T. Lee It was 1534, and the crew of French explorer Jacques Cartier were in trouble. They had…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2020

ADHD Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Omega-3: The Ultimate (ADHD) Brain Food

Most people who have been diagnosed with ADHD have heard all about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids for managing symptoms. But the book Finally…

James Greenblatt, MD08/12/2019

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ADHD OCD

Magnesium & Other Key Nutrients for ADHD, OCD, and Tics

Key Points: Magnesium (especially glycinate) is one of the most common mineral deficiencies in people with ADHD, OCD, and tics. Replenishing magnesium can take months,…

James Greenblatt, MD08/12/2019

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Finally Focused: Mineral Imbalances & ADHD Part II

Magnesium Deficiency In part 1 of this series, we discussed the importance of correcting trace mineral imbalances of copper and zinc to reduce behavioral symptoms…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Finally Focused: Mineral Imbalances & ADHD Part I

Zinc Deficiency & Copper Excess in ADHD Patients What if there was a safe, effective, inexpensive, and simple way to help treat one of the…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

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ADHD Anxiety Child & Adolescent Psychiatry OCD

Key Nutrients for ADHD, OCD and Tics

Nutrient Advice from Dr. James Greenblatt An interview with ACN (Association for Comprehensive Neurotherapy) Latitudes Thank you for offering to share your expertise with…

James Greenblatt, MD06/24/2018

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ADHD Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation

Integrative Treatments for Behavioral Problems in Children

There are many underlying causes of ADHD including genetic, neurological, environmental, and nutritional influences. Nutritional factors are often overlooked, yet imbalances of many minerals are…

James Greenblatt, MD03/05/2018

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Optimizing ADHD Treatment with Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)

Upward Trend of ADHD Diagnoses Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become the most commonly diagnosed childhood disorder in the United States. An estimated 6.4…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2018

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Shielding the Brain From Alzheimer’s

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Alzheimer’s disease begins decades before symptoms appear, well before memory loss becomes…

James Greenblatt, MD06/03/2026

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Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

How Lithium Could Inspire New Alzheimer’s Pharmaceuticals

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most pressing medical challenges of our time. More than 7 million Americans are currently living with this devastating neurodegenerative…

James Greenblatt, MD11/05/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

The Protective Role of Lithium Against Alzheimer’s

The statistics are sobering: every 67 seconds, someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s disease. Globally, this neurodegenerative condition is on track to affect nearly…

James Greenblatt, MD09/21/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Depression Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Orotate Benefits

Lithium is commonly prescribed for mood disorders. Research out of Canada’s McGill University has found that microdoses of the supplement — 400 times lower than…

James Greenblatt, MD09/01/2025

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Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium, Alzheimer Disease, and a Turning Point in Mental Health Care

Alzheimer disease remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. It is a black hole that consumes memory, independence, dignity, and time. Despite decades…

James Greenblatt, MD08/22/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Deficiency and Alzheimer’s Disease

This week’s article in Nature, Lithium deficiency and the onset of Alzheimer's disease, highlights groundbreaking findings on lithium’s potential to protect brain health—research that deserves…

James Greenblatt, MD08/08/2025

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Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Dementia

Nearly six million people in the United States are living with Alzheimer's disease, and levels are projected to increase (AA 2023). It's estimated that one…

James Greenblatt, MD01/06/2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Vitamin D and Alzheimer’s Disease

One of the more important—and often overlooked—nutrients for brain health is vitamin D. In my own experience with thousands of patients, optimizing vitamin D levels…

James Greenblatt, MD11/14/2023

two person sitting on rock staring at body of water during daytime

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Could Lithium Be Key to Preventing Dementia?

Some medical conditions are so feared and widespread that a diagnosis can devastate individuals and families. The distress and dread caused by a diagnosis of…

James Greenblatt, MD05/19/2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium: The Cinderella Story About a Mineral That May Prevent Dementia

Every four seconds, someone in the world develops dementia. Worldwide, an estimated 35.6 million people already live with a form of this neurodegenerative disorder, and…

James Greenblatt, MD12/21/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

The Benefits of Lithium for Dementia Treatment

For the last few decades, research has been building that shows lithium may be a disease-modifying treatment and preventative agent for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.…

James Greenblatt, MD04/06/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Treating Alzheimer’s Disease with a Ketogenic Diet

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, officially the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC 2022). And rates are…

James Greenblatt, MD02/28/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Schizophrenia & Psychosis

Ketogenic Diets for Mental Health – What Does the Research Say?

What is the Ketogenic Diet? Ketosis is a state where the body is forced to rely on fat rather than carbohydrates for energy production. Think…

James Greenblatt, MD01/31/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Two Simple Approaches for Prevention of Cognitive Decline & Dementia

Dear friends, Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, is a devastating illness. And the latest research suggests things are only getting worse. Currently,…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2021

Alzheimer's & Dementia Infections & Inflammation

Alzheimer’s: A Biological Model of Prevention – Finally!

Alzheimer’s: A Biological Model of Prevention – Finally! (Part 1) Dr. James Greenblatt News media are replete with alarming statistics about the current and future…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Why Lithium Should Be Part of the Alzheimer’s Solution

There are certain medical conditions we all fear because of their devastating symptoms and the huge numbers of people they affect. They deserve major public…

James Greenblatt, MD01/24/2019

Alzheimer's & Dementia Integrative & Functional Medicine

A Functional Medicine Approach for Alzheimer’s

We pour billions of dollars into medical research on specific diseases each and every year. But, sometimes, despite all of that time and all of…

James Greenblatt, MD12/20/2018

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium in Drinking Water May Reduce Incidence of Dementia

In psychiatry it has been well-documented that lithium has brain-protecting results when used at highly concentrated therapeutic doses. Pharmaceutical lithium (600-1200mg) has long been considered…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2017

woman, middle-aged, mischievous, happy, woman, middle-aged, middle-aged, middle-aged, middle-aged, middle-aged, mischievous, mischievous

Anorexia Nervosa

A Functional Psychiatry Response to the ‘No Treatment’ Narrative on Anorexia

There Is Treatment A recent New York Times article on anorexia among older women made a statement that should alarm us all: that “there is no treatment”…

James Greenblatt, MD06/03/2025

Anorexia Nervosa Integrative & Functional Medicine

Think Zinc: Micronutrient Supplementation for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

Original article published in Psychiatric Times.Our model for treating anorexia nervosa (Anorexia Nervosa) is broken. Treatments are so poorly effective that it has been labeled…

James Greenblatt, MD10/25/2024

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

A New Way Forward for Anorexia Nervosa Treatment

Embracing a New Treatment Model for Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a treatable condition, especially when you focus on the underlying nutritional and biochemical…

James Greenblatt, MD10/02/2024

Anorexia Nervosa

Precision Medicine in Anorexia Nervosa: A New Approach to Treatment

In the realm of eating disorder treatment, much of the focus has predominantly concentrated on caloric intake and weight restoration. While attaining metabolic stability and…

James Greenblatt, MD08/21/2024

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Embracing a New Era in Anorexia Treatment

In a recent article published in The New York Times, author Jillian Weinberger recalls the fear she felt when she was told by the ultrasound…

James Greenblatt, MD08/08/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Girls Are Taking Their Pain Out On Themselves

It is great to shine the spotlight on Anorexia Nervosa, highlighted this week by The New York Times. The article focused on the science and the…

James Greenblatt, MD04/21/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Vegetarianism and the Risks of Anorexia Nervosa

Your family sits down to dinner one evening and your fourteen-year-old daughter looks with disgust at the plate of chicken placed in front of her.…

James Greenblatt, MD02/07/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Anorexia and Malnutrition: Malorexia – Redefined for the Modern Age

Anorexia is not simply “a desire to be thin” taken to the extreme. It is a complex, multi-faceted disorder with physical, mental, social, nutritional, and…

James Greenblatt, MD02/06/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Infections & Inflammation

Infection & Autoimmunity in Patients with Anorexia

Research has slowly been accruing that suggests a significant subset of patients with anorexia nervosa may have a neuroinflammatory condition caused by an infection or…

James Greenblatt, MD03/09/2022

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Essential Role of Amino Acids in Combating Anorexia

People with anorexia nervosa commonly experience profound distortions in how they view their own bodies. They often see themselves looking in the mirror as fat,…

James Greenblatt, MD02/09/2022

Anxiety Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Role in Managing Anxiety Naturally

Anxiety can feel like an endless loop of worry, unease, and restlessness, affecting not only your mental health but also your ability to enjoy life.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/25/2025

man standing on sand while spreading arms beside calm body of water

Anxiety Nutritional Lithium

Low Dose Lithium & Anxiety

Anxiety rates are climbing worldwide (Wang et al., 2025). As demand grows for safer, integrative solutions, research is shining a light on an overlooked trace…

James Greenblatt, MD09/04/2025

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Unseen Battle: How Fourth of July Fireworks Can Trigger PTSD & the Promising Role of NAC

The Fourth of July, a day associated with celebration, freedom, and spectacular fireworks, can unexpectedly cause deep distress for people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2025

Anxiety Depression

Photobiomodulation and Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Balanced Review

Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to a range of therapies that use low-level light—typically red or near-infrared—to influence cellular function. Red light therapy (RLT) is one of…

James Greenblatt, MD06/23/2025

Anxiety Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

A Parent’s Guide to Holistic Anxiety Treatment for Kids

As parents, it’s easy to recognize that during childhood, feeling worried, anxious or scared from time to time is a normal experience. However, when these…

James Greenblatt, MD03/05/2025

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

Integrative Therapies for OCD: Functional Medicine & CBT

It starts with a whisper of doubt—a fleeting thought you can’t shake. But soon, it’s a roar, drowning out everything else. You try to let…

James Greenblatt, MD01/15/2025

Anxiety Depression

Rediscovering Inositol: A Hidden Gem in Functional Psychiatry

Key Points: Inositol is a versatile, underused supplement that supports neurotransmitter balance—particularly serotonin and dopamine—making it valuable in functional psychiatry. Research shows benefits for depression,…

Psychiatry Redefined08/30/2024

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine OCD

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for OCD: A Functional Approach

Introduction to NAC and OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a challenging mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Individuals with OCD struggle with…

James Greenblatt, MD07/17/2024

Anxiety Depression Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium, Genetic Markers and Precision Medicine

Precision medicine is the future of modern psychiatry. At Psychiatry Redefined, we’ve already been training health-care providers in a precision, whole-person treatment approach – far…

James Greenblatt, MD11/29/2023

woman standing on rock surrounded with body of water

Anxiety Depression

Quitting Antidepressants: Why Is It Called Discontinuation Syndrome?

Decades of reporting by patients, small studies, and large surveys have shown that antidepressant withdrawal is indeed a real risk factor for taking the medicine,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/11/2022

Anxiety Depression

Are SSRI Antidepressants the New Valium?

For nearly a century, the American pharmaceutical industry has been at the leading edge of creating new lifesaving medications for patients all around the world.…

James Greenblatt, MD11/04/2022

white and blue medication pill on pink textile

Anxiety Depression

A Brief History of Antidepressants and SSRIs

Depression has been around since the first days of humankind. For centuries, if not millennia, doctors and physicians treated “melancholia” as simply a depressed mood,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/01/2022

Anxiety Depression

The Problem With Current Treatment Approaches for SSRI Withdrawal

More than 37 million adults in America are currently taking antidepressants. These rates have more than tripled since 2000, an astoundingly high number for any…

James Greenblatt, MD10/29/2022

Anxiety Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Why is Vitamin B6 Ignored as a Potential Treatment in Psychiatry?

A recent study highlights the potential of vitamin B6 as a tool for improving mental health. In the study of 478 young adults, it was…

James Greenblatt, MD10/13/2022

Anxiety Depression

Mental Health Awareness Month: Depression & Anxiety

If you are struggling with depression or anxiety, know that you aren’t alone. Depression and anxiety are common challenges. In the United States, approximately 21…

James Greenblatt, MD05/16/2022

Smiling man with dreadlocks enjoying the sunset outdoors, exuding warmth and happiness.

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

Treating Stress and Anxiety with Functional Medicine

Unfortunately, the state of our collective mental health has been deteriorating. While normal, external stressors are still taking a toll, when combined with a global…

James Greenblatt, MD01/17/2022

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Functional Therapies for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

While it is human nature to occasionally ruminate or overanalyze important decisions, these thought patterns normally dissipate quickly freeing us of those fleeting moments of…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

ADHD Anxiety Child & Adolescent Psychiatry OCD

Key Nutrients for ADHD, OCD and Tics

Nutrient Advice from Dr. James Greenblatt An interview with ACN (Association for Comprehensive Neurotherapy) Latitudes Thank you for offering to share your expertise with…

James Greenblatt, MD06/24/2018

Bipolar Disorder Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Insulin Resistance: An Often Overlooked Component of Mental Health

Imagine decreasing depression symptoms in patients by one-third, or achieving large improvements in treatment-resistant bipolar disorder without using antidepressant medications or mood stabilizers. Results like…

James Greenblatt, MD12/14/2023

Bipolar Disorder Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

Lithium & Inflammation

For as long as lithium has been used in medicine, we still don’t have a complete understanding of its underlying effects on our physiology. It…

James Greenblatt, MD04/03/2020

Bipolar Disorder Nutritional Lithium

Telomeres & the Anti-aging Effects of Lithium

As research has continued to unfold around our understanding of lithium, some fairly interesting effects are starting to be revealed. While benefits for bipolar disorder,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/20/2019

Bipolar Disorder Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional Lithium

Potential Gastrointestinal Benefits of Lithium

When most people think of lithium, they may think of an old, potentially side-effect prone treatment for bipolar disorder. Yet, many people don’t realize lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD08/27/2019

Bipolar Disorder Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

Lithium: Viral Infections & Low White Blood Cell Counts

As a medical treatment for bipolar, lithium has a tarnished reputation. Many patients and providers view the drug as side-effect prone or downright dangerous. And…

James Greenblatt, MD03/12/2019

Bipolar Disorder Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Carbonate as a Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

A Brief Overview of the History and Research Early History Lithium has been used in medicine almost since its discovery in the early 1800s.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/22/2018

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Gummy Medicine Cabinet: Pediatric Risks of OTC Supplements

Why “Natural” Products Still Require Adult Supervision Have you walked through Costco or a grocery store lately? The shelves are filled with “natural” supplements marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/02/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Pediatricians Should Lead the Way in Nutritional Psychiatry

Across the country, pediatricians are finding themselves on the front lines of a growing mental health crisis in children and adolescents. From rising rates of…

Psychiatry Redefined04/01/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Future of Pediatrics: Why Integrative Psychiatry Is Transforming Mental Health Care for Children

For decades, pediatric mental health care has largely followed a familiar path: identify symptoms, assign a diagnosis, and prescribe medication. And for many children and…

Psychiatry Redefined03/30/2026

A happy child lying in a garden with arms raised, surrounded by flowers and greenery.

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Environmental Triggers in Children: How Toxins, Mold, and Allergens Impact Mental Health

When a child struggles with anxiety, ADHD, mood swings, or behavioral challenges, the conversation often centers around symptoms—and how to manage them. But what if…

Psychiatry Redefined03/28/2026

Full body of African American child with curly hair in casual clothing meditating with eyes closed and legs crossed

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Beyond Medications: Integrative Approaches to Mental Health in Children and Adolescents

Over the past two decades, the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental health conditions has risen dramatically. Alongside this increase, we’ve seen a…

Psychiatry Redefined03/27/2026

Adorable red haired kid wearing blue casual clothes enjoying taste of fresh banana in light bedroom in morning while looking at camera happily

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Gut-Brain Connection

Understanding the Gut-Brain Connection in Kids: A New Frontier in Pediatric Mental Health

Why are so many children struggling with anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, and behavioral challenges—despite receiving standard care? For many clinicians, the answer is becoming increasingly…

Psychiatry Redefined03/26/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Rethinking Autism: From Diagnosis to Individual Biology

Autism is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It is a spectrum—meaning every child presents differently, with varying combinations of: Social and communication challenges Repetitive behaviors Sensory…

Psychiatry Redefined03/24/2026

Joyful child with an avocado and matching lollipop, showcasing playful innocence and happiness.

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Nutritional Psychiatry in Pediatrics: Unlocking the Mind-Body Connection

When children struggle with attention, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, sleep issues, or emotional regulation, the conversation often turns quickly to symptoms and diagnosis. But for…

James Greenblatt, MD03/23/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Pediatricians Should Invest in Functional Psychiatry Training

Moving Beyond Symptom Management to Transform Mental Health Care for Children Pediatricians are often the first—and sometimes only—clinicians families turn to when a child is…

James Greenblatt, MD03/20/2026

A joyful family moment with parents and their son embracing indoors.

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Revolutionizing Pediatric Mental Health with Integrative Psychiatry

Pediatric mental health is in crisis. Over the past decade, there’s been a steady rise in rates of anxiety, depression, ADHD, and mood disorders in…

James Greenblatt, MD05/22/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Dr. James Greenblatt Shares His Views About the Functional Medicine Model of Depression

Original interview by Sheldon Baker for Advances in Mind-Body Medicine. – – – – – – – Advances in Mind-Body Medince (Advances): Congratulations on your…

Psychiatry Redefined07/28/2026

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Are Antidepressants Anti-Sex?

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Sexual dissatisfaction is linked with higher rates of depression. Antidepressants frequently cause…

James Greenblatt, MD06/01/2026

ADHD Depression Nutritional Lithium

Irritability: An Overlooked Symptom in ADHD and Depression

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Irritability is one of the most distressing and overlooked features of ADHD…

James Greenblatt, MD05/26/2026

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

An Old Idea, New Data: The Vagus Nerve and Durable Recovery in Treatment-Resistant Depression

A Pathway Functional Psychiatry Has Always Valued For years, functional and integrative psychiatry has emphasized the importance of vagal tone in mental health. We talk…

James Greenblatt, MD02/20/2026

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Link Between High Levels of Copper & Psychiatric Symptoms

Copper, an essential mineral, is required for neurotransmitter synthesis. It is a cofactor for dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Overall, copper supports neurotransmission, protects neurons, and…

James Greenblatt, MD12/04/2025

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Overlooked Link Between B Vitamins, Vitamin D & Depression: What Clinicians Should Know

For decades, depression has been understood as a multifactorial condition—one shaped by genetics, biology, life stress, trauma, and environment. Yet emerging research continues to highlight…

James Greenblatt, MD11/17/2025

Joyful senior couple in an affectionate embrace, capturing love.

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Nutritional Factors Contributing to Geriatric Depression: The Overlooked Role of Stomach Acid, Zinc, and Amino Acids

As we age, it is not uncommon to notice a decline in energy, motivation, and overall psychological well-being. Many assume this is a normal part…

James Greenblatt, MD11/11/2025

A couple of women sitting on top of a white couch

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Why Zinc Deserves a Close Look in Every Depression Treatment Plan

The mineral zinc is needed in trace amounts—barely a sprinkle by biochemical standards—yet its impact on mood is anything but small. Research over the past…

James Greenblatt, MD11/06/2025

Depression

Men & Depression: Why So Many Struggle in Silence & What Can Help

It’s one of the hardest statistics to read: Men die by suicide nearly four times more often than women. Year after year, men account for…

James Greenblatt, MD10/10/2025

Depression Infections & Inflammation

Thiamine for Depression: The Overlooked Link to POTS, Mold, and Energy Metabolism

In 2024, a striking case challenged traditional thinking about depression. A 58-year-old woman with advanced cancer presented with severe depressive symptoms—palpitations, insomnia, appetite loss, and…

James Greenblatt, MD10/07/2025

Depression

How Environmental Toxins Influence Mental Health

We’re surrounded by chemicals every day—from the air we breathe and the food we eat to the products we use at home. These harmful substances…

James Greenblatt, MD09/30/2025

Depression

How Exercise Boosts Happiness and Overall Well-being

When people think about exercise, they often focus on the physical benefits — stronger muscles, a healthier heart, and perhaps a slimmer waistline. But the…

James Greenblatt, MD09/28/2025

Depression

How Sleep Quality Impacts Your Mental Health

In our fast-paced world, sleep is often sacrificed for productivity, yet the consequences of this trade-off can be severe. In my three decades as a…

James Greenblatt, MD09/26/2025

couple, elderly, walking, fall, trail, elderly couple, old couple, holding hands, path, autumn, trees, outdoors, nature, grandparents, couple, couple, couple, couple, couple, elderly, elderly couple, old couple, old couple, grandparents

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Integrative Psychiatry Approaches to Geriatric Depression

Depression in older adults is both common and often overlooked. While it may be dismissed as a “normal part of aging,” geriatric depression is a…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2025

Depression

Depression Treatment: Why Conventional Psychiatry Fails & What We Can Do About It

For decades, conventional psychiatry has offered hope to millions of people suffering from depression. The advent of antidepressant medications, particularly Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs),…

James Greenblatt, MD09/23/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

How Adaptogens Tackle Stress and Support Mental Health

Life can sometimes feel like a never-ending race, where you’re constantly juggling responsibilities, deadlines, and personal pressures. The world around us moves fast, and stress…

James Greenblatt, MD09/22/2025

happy, man, adult, city, face, guy, outdoors, person, portrait, smile, sunglasses, urban, laughing, happy, man, man, man, man, man, person, person, smile

Depression

Decoding the Complex Biology of Depression

Far too often in today’s media, depression is treated as the idea of someone just having a case of the Mondays, having the blues, or…

James Greenblatt, MD09/20/2025

Senior couple hugging warmly indoors, showcasing love and happiness.

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

What is Functional Psychiatry for Geriatric Depression?

Depression is one of the most common mental health challenges faced by older adults, yet it is often overlooked, misdiagnosed, or treated only with medications…

James Greenblatt, MD09/08/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Depression Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Orotate Benefits

Lithium is commonly prescribed for mood disorders. Research out of Canada’s McGill University has found that microdoses of the supplement — 400 times lower than…

James Greenblatt, MD09/01/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Saffron: An Old Spice with Exciting Mental Health Benefits

You may know saffron as the expensive spice (it’s actually one of the most expensive foods in the world!) with a vibrant red hue, but…

James Greenblatt, MD07/22/2025

sunshine, nature, sunlight, sunset, sunrise, reflection, people, girl, female

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Sunlight and Mental Health—More Than a Wellness Trend

Psychiatry Redefined Response to the New York Times Article on sunlight exposure (July 8, 2025) This week’s, "NYT Article: What Are the Health Benefits of…

James Greenblatt, MD07/10/2025

Depression Suicide Prevention

Zinc and Suicide: The Overlooked Link in Depression Treatment

What comes to mind when you think of 'zinc’? Materials engineering? Sunscreen? Immune-health-boosting? All of these are good answers! Zinc is a linchpin of industrial…

James Greenblatt, MD07/07/2025

Anxiety Depression

Photobiomodulation and Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Balanced Review

Photobiomodulation (PBM) refers to a range of therapies that use low-level light—typically red or near-infrared—to influence cellular function. Red light therapy (RLT) is one of…

James Greenblatt, MD06/23/2025

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Depression

Depression in Children and Adolescents vs. Adults: Recognizing the Differences

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, children and adolescents are not spared when it comes to…

Psychiatry Redefined03/11/2025

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Depression

Holistic Depression Treatment for Kids

Holistic Treatment of Depression in Kids Having a child struggling with depression can feel overwhelming. While counseling and medication have their place, many parents are…

James Greenblatt, MD02/24/2025

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Diet & Depression: An Often-Overlooked Connection

In psychiatry, we often fail to ask our patients a simple but profoundly important question: "What are you eating?" Yet, evidence continues to mount that…

Psychiatry Redefined01/02/2025

Depression

The Crucial Link Between Testosterone and Depression: Why It Matters for Both Men and Women

When treating patients who are struggling with depression, it can be critical to identify and address the root causes that are contributing to their symptoms.…

Psychiatry Redefined11/28/2024

Depression

Antidepressant Withdrawal: A Brief History

Antidepressant Withdrawal A Brief History The newest generation of antidepressant medications was heralded as a breakthrough in depression treatment when Prozac was introduced in 1988.…

James Greenblatt, MD11/26/2024

A vibrant mix of legumes, vegetables, nuts, and pasta arranged on white plates showcasing a balanced, healthy diet.

Depression

Running on Empty: Subclinical Thiamine Deficiency is Common and Causes Depression

article by Michelle T. To, MD There’s been a lot of talk about the importance of vitamin B6, B12, and folate for mental health. Although…

Psychiatry Redefined11/13/2024

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Mental Health in the Sun: The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Mental Illness

Original article published in Psychiatric Times. Revisiting Vitamin D in Psychiatry Of the many researched integrative medicine interventions for the treatment of mental health conditions,…

James Greenblatt, MD10/18/2024

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Curcumin: A Potent Ally in Functional Psychiatry

Curcumin is a go-to herbal supplement for integrative and functional medicine providers due to its broad spectrum of well-studied health benefits. Traditionally used in Ayurvedic…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2024

Anxiety Depression

Rediscovering Inositol: A Hidden Gem in Functional Psychiatry

Psychiatry Redefined08/30/2024

Depression Suicide Prevention

Suicide Prevention Redefined: New Opportunities for Saving Lives

By the time you finish reading this article, a person somewhere in America will have committed suicide. If you read this article again a year…

James Greenblatt, MD05/27/2024

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Antidepressant Withdrawal

A Functional Medicine Approach to Antidepressant Withdrawal Second generation antidepressant medications, including fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft) and venlafaxine (Effexor) are widely…

James Greenblatt, MD05/11/2024

Depression

Unveiling the Complexity of Depression: Moving Beyond the Serotonin Hypothesis

For decades, the narrative surrounding depression has centered on "chemical imbalances" in the brain. When the first antidepressants were discovered, it was unknown how they…

James Greenblatt, MD03/27/2024

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Physical & Mental Health Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Confused about the sea of conflicting information around fish oil's health benefits? You're not alone. One minute, it's hailed as the holy grail for heart…

James Greenblatt, MD03/05/2024

Bipolar Disorder Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Insulin Resistance: An Often Overlooked Component of Mental Health

James Greenblatt, MD12/14/2023

Anxiety Depression Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium, Genetic Markers and Precision Medicine

Precision medicine is the future of modern psychiatry. At Psychiatry Redefined, we’ve already been training health-care providers in a precision, whole-person treatment approach – far…

James Greenblatt, MD11/29/2023

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Expand Your Practice with Metabolic & Nutritional Psychiatry

Metabolic Psychiatry Research has clearly linked mental health with physical health. And the latest findings in metabolic psychiatry help highlight the connection. Improving metabolism by…

James Greenblatt, MD10/30/2023

Depression Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Ketosis as a Mental Health Therapy

Therapeutic ketosis is not just a diet, but a powerful treatment tool for some of the most challenging mental illnesses. The Ketogenic Diet and Ketosis…

James Greenblatt, MD10/25/2023

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression

For any mental health condition, it is always worth stepping back and taking a functional view of what could be underlying a patient’s symptoms. One…

James Greenblatt, MD06/14/2023

Depression Suicide Prevention

Teenage Mental Health Crisis

Dear friends, Psychiatry Redefined was created to address the deficiencies in mainstream psychiatry’s standard approach to treatment. More than ever, the latest CDC survey on…

James Greenblatt, MD02/21/2023

a woman sits on the end of a dock during daytime staring across a lake

Depression Nutritional Lithium

Lithium & Depression

Lithium has been used medicinally since the days of Ancient Greece, and over much of the last century it has enjoyed a prominent position within…

James Greenblatt, MD01/11/2023

Anxiety Depression

Quitting Antidepressants: Why Is It Called Discontinuation Syndrome?

Decades of reporting by patients, small studies, and large surveys have shown that antidepressant withdrawal is indeed a real risk factor for taking the medicine,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/11/2022

Depression Infections & Inflammation

Anti-Inflammatory Medication for Depression

Psychiatry Redefined began as an effort to address the deficiencies in modern psychiatry’s approach to mental health care. Treating patients with medications based almost exclusively on an…

James Greenblatt, MD11/08/2022

Anxiety Depression

Are SSRI Antidepressants the New Valium?

For nearly a century, the American pharmaceutical industry has been at the leading edge of creating new lifesaving medications for patients all around the world.…

James Greenblatt, MD11/04/2022

Anxiety Depression

A Brief History of Antidepressants and SSRIs

Depression has been around since the first days of humankind. For centuries, if not millennia, doctors and physicians treated “melancholia” as simply a depressed mood,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/01/2022

Anxiety Depression

The Problem With Current Treatment Approaches for SSRI Withdrawal

More than 37 million adults in America are currently taking antidepressants. These rates have more than tripled since 2000, an astoundingly high number for any…

James Greenblatt, MD10/29/2022

Anxiety Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Why is Vitamin B6 Ignored as a Potential Treatment in Psychiatry?

A recent study highlights the potential of vitamin B6 as a tool for improving mental health. In the study of 478 young adults, it was…

James Greenblatt, MD10/13/2022

Anxiety Depression

Mental Health Awareness Month: Depression & Anxiety

If you are struggling with depression or anxiety, know that you aren’t alone. Depression and anxiety are common challenges. In the United States, approximately 21…

James Greenblatt, MD05/16/2022

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Ketogenic Diet: An Underutilized Tool in Fighting Depression?

A recent literature review led by Adam Włodarczyk, MD, from the Medical University of Gdansk, explores the idea of promoting a ketogenic diet as a…

James Greenblatt, MD02/14/2022

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Depression Redefined: Taking a Functional Medicine Approach

Depression is a disabling illness that can profoundly impact physical and psychological well-being, trapping those who struggle with it in a quagmire of sadness and…

James Greenblatt, MD09/10/2021

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine for Depression

Depression is a disabling illness that can strangle one’s life and spirit and severely reduce both psychological and physical well-being. It is surprisingly common, affecting…

James Greenblatt, MD03/07/2020

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Magnesium: The Missing Link in Mental Health?

Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 325 enzymatic reactions—in DNA and neurotransmitters; in the bones, heart and brain; in every cell of the body. Unfortunately,…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

woman doing yoga meditation on brown parquet flooring

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Magnesium in Mental Health: The Missing Link

Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 325 enzymatic reactions—in DNA and neurotransmitters; in the bones, heart and brain; in every cell of the body.…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

Happy woman enjoying a creamy dessert in a sunlit outdoor setting.

Eating Disorders Nutritional Lithium

New Insights on Lithium and Nutritional Psychiatry for Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are among the most complex psychiatric conditions, affecting not just food intake but also brain chemistry, metabolism, and emotional regulation. While therapy and…

James Greenblatt, MD11/26/2025

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

A New Way Forward for Anorexia Nervosa Treatment

Embracing a New Treatment Model for Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a treatable condition, especially when you focus on the underlying nutritional and biochemical…

James Greenblatt, MD10/02/2024

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders

5-HTP, Appetite and Binge Eating

With all the excitement over weight-loss medications like Ozempic and Mounjaro, it’s become increasingly obvious that there are important biochemical mechanisms that influence appetite. These…

James Greenblatt, MD08/05/2024

ADHD Eating Disorders Suicide Prevention

ADHD and the Risk of Other Mental Health Disorders

ADHD and Mental Health Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most common mental health conditions among children in the United States. The diagnosis…

James Greenblatt, MD09/06/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Embracing a New Era in Anorexia Treatment

In a recent article published in The New York Times, author Jillian Weinberger recalls the fear she felt when she was told by the ultrasound…

James Greenblatt, MD08/08/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Girls Are Taking Their Pain Out On Themselves

It is great to shine the spotlight on Anorexia Nervosa, highlighted this week by The New York Times. The article focused on the science and the…

James Greenblatt, MD04/21/2023

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Vegetarianism and the Risks of Anorexia Nervosa

Your family sits down to dinner one evening and your fourteen-year-old daughter looks with disgust at the plate of chicken placed in front of her.…

James Greenblatt, MD02/07/2023

Eating Disorders

Mental Health Awareness Month: Eating Disorders

May is Mental Health Awareness Month. In honor of this, Psychiatry Redefined is offering a 50% discount on FIVE of our online courses, now through…

James Greenblatt, MD05/17/2022

ADHD Binge-Eating Eating Disorders

Is There A Link Between ADHD & Eating Disorders?

ADHD on the Rise ADHD, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common mental health conditions among children in the U.S. The diagnosis rate…

James Greenblatt, MD02/15/2022

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Essential Role of Amino Acids in Combating Anorexia

People with anorexia nervosa commonly experience profound distortions in how they view their own bodies. They often see themselves looking in the mirror as fat,…

James Greenblatt, MD02/09/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

A Small Study Examining the Effects of Ketogenic Diets on Binge Eating

A small-scale study was published in the Journal of Eating Disorders looking at the effect of a ketogenic diet on three obese patients who experienced…

James Greenblatt, MD02/03/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Integrative & Functional Medicine

The New Hope Model: Eliminating Binge Eating and Food Cravings

It’s been said the world is divided into two kinds of people: those who live to eat and those who eat to live. Those who…

James Greenblatt, MD01/25/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Integrative & Functional Medicine

Binge Eating: Controlling Appetite with Medications

Suggesting medicine as a treatment for food addiction raises a red flag with many professionals. They argue that the solution to our nation’s weight problems…

James Greenblatt, MD01/12/2022

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

As America’s Eating Disorders Increase, What Role Does Social Media Play?

In their December 2021 article, “The Corpse Bride Diet,” investigators of the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) describe an experiment they recently conducted to plumb the…

James Greenblatt, MD12/29/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Controlling Appetite with an Un-Diet

Dr. William Beaumont, known as the “Father of Gastric Physiology,” first met patient Alexis St. Martin in 1822 when he was accidentally shot in the…

James Greenblatt, MD12/18/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Anorexia and the Holidays

Article originally published on Altenative Medicine, December 2021. Before even discussing the holidays, there is a critical piece of the anorexia nervosa puzzle that needs…

James Greenblatt, MD12/10/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

What is Orthorexia?

We all know a healthy diet is one of the best ways to live a great life. But sometimes our minds lead us down paths…

James Greenblatt, MD11/15/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Anorexia Nervosa: Why We Are Failing Our Starving Children

Psychotherapy has been the first-line treatment for anorexia nervosa for more than a century. While of demonstrated utility in many psychiatric disorders, psychotherapy alone has…

James Greenblatt, MD11/11/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

What Not to Eat? High Fructose Corn Syrup

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is made from corn that is spun at a high velocity and combined with three different enzymes to create thick,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/01/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Preventing Relapse in Anorexia Nervosa: The 5-Step Plan

All too often, after an individual with anorexia reaches a stable, healthy weight and appears to be enjoying eating more normally, he or she suddenly…

James Greenblatt, MD10/25/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Suicide Prevention

Eating Disorders, Self-Harming Behavior & Suicide

Eating Disorders and Suicide Anorexia is the most lethal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. On average, between 5% and 10%…

James Greenblatt, MD10/18/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Controlling Appetite With Vitamin & Mineral Supplements

Key Points: Nutrient deficiencies can drive appetite disturbances, sugar cravings, and binge eating, making targeted supplementation essential for recovery. Digestive support (enzymes, probiotics) and trace…

James Greenblatt, MD10/05/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Essential Fatty Acids: A Common Nutritional Deficiency in Anorexia

The importance of dietary fat and essential fatty acids (EFAs) in maintaining mental and physical health cannot be underestimated. Although dietary fat has been much…

James Greenblatt, MD09/20/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Controlling Appetite with Amino Acid Supplements

Appetite control does not have to entail a lifelong battle. To control appetite, you need to experience a sense of fullness rather than a continuous…

James Greenblatt, MD09/13/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Zinc: An Essential but Overlooked Element in the Fight Against Anorexia

I have been practicing child and adolescent psychiatry for more than thirty years, and I have become increasingly convinced there is a connection between zinc…

James Greenblatt, MD09/06/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Diet Alert: Vegetarianism and the Risks of Anorexia Nervosa

Your family sits down to dinner one evening and your fourteen-year-old daughter looks with disgust at the plate of chicken placed in front of her.…

James Greenblatt, MD08/30/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Breaking Down Anorexia: Lessons From Decades of Treating Patients

When I first met Elise, she was 25 years old and had a 13-year-long history of restrictive eating behaviors. She was first put on a…

James Greenblatt, MD08/16/2021

Addiction Binge-Eating Eating Disorders

Food Addiction: The Science of Sugar

Sugar is a term of endearment. It helps us cope with the painful realities of life. To make it more palatable, we may “sugar-coat” a…

James Greenblatt, MD06/24/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders

You Are Extraordinary: The Genetics of Appetite and Weight Control

This is about you. You are unique. Specifically, you have biochemical uniqueness, a concept which extends to anatomy, the metabolism of vitamins and minerals, and…

James Greenblatt, MD05/13/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders

Is There a Role for Medications in Anorexia Treatment?

Anorexia nervosa is a complex disease that requires a carefully coordinated, personalized program for diagnosis and treatment. While conventional psychiatrists rely on medications to cure…

James Greenblatt, MD04/05/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Malorexia: Anorexia Nervosa in the Modern Age

Anorexia is not simply “a desire to be thin” taken to the extreme. It is a complex, multi-faceted disorder with physical, mental, social, nutritional, and…

James Greenblatt, MD02/22/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Food Addiction: The Chemistry of Dairy & Wheat

Cakes, crackers, and ice cream—there are good reasons we reach for these foods during a binge. Both wheat and dairy are broken down into small…

James Greenblatt, MD01/15/2021

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Answers to Anorexia: Malnourished Minds

I’m sure you’ve heard of the old adage, “You are what you eat.” When it comes to anorexia, our children are what they DON’T eat.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/01/2020

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Gut-Brain Connection

Addicted to Food: My Dopamine Made Me Do It

Addiction is a powerful word. It unleashes feelings of helplessness, anxiety, and chaos. For many of us, the word evokes the image of a particular…

James Greenblatt, MD08/28/2020

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Malorexia: Anorexia Nervosa Redefined

Anorexia nervosa is a serious and potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, weight loss, distorted body image, and amenorrhea. Ninety…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Functional Therapies for Binge Eating Disorder

Integrative Therapies for Binge Eating Disorder As a society, we are bombarded by food daily, and while most of us can regulate our occasional indulgences…

James Greenblatt, MD06/25/2019

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional Lithium Suicide Prevention

Lithium and Anorexia

Anorexia is a challenging condition to treat effectively. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating anorexia nervosa and most of the latest research does…

James Greenblatt, MD07/20/2018

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine

What Is the Gut-Brain Axis?

Why Functional Psychiatry Is Paying Attention to the Connection Between the Gut and Mental Health For decades, mental health treatment has focused primarily on the…

Psychiatry Redefined05/20/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Gut-Brain Connection

Understanding the Gut-Brain Connection in Kids: A New Frontier in Pediatric Mental Health

Why are so many children struggling with anxiety, ADHD, mood disorders, and behavioral challenges—despite receiving standard care? For many clinicians, the answer is becoming increasingly…

Psychiatry Redefined03/26/2026

Gut-Brain Connection

Fecal Transplant (FMT) and the Gut-Brain Axis: Where Psychiatry Meets the Microbiome

Can a reset of the gut microbiome alleviate depression? A new article suggests that the next antidepressant may not come in the form of a…

James Greenblatt, MD11/10/2025

Cheerful multiracial people sitting at wooden table served with vegetarian food and talking to each other while having dinner together

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and the Gut-Brain Axis: A Path to Holistic Health

When you hear the word "lithium," you might picture a prescription bottle or think of its role in treating bipolar disorder. But what if lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD11/04/2025

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Hidden Epidemic: Why We’re Missing Vitamin B12 Deficiency

In the world of integrative medicine and functional psychiatry, we talk a lot about the importance of nutrition and micronutrient status for mental health. Yet,…

Psychiatry Redefined03/31/2025

Addiction Gut-Brain Connection

Ultra-Processed Foods: A Catalyst for Addiction & Recovery?

The old adage about snack foods—“you can’t eat just one”—turns out to be more accurate than we ever imagined. Acknowledging Ultra-Processed Food Addiction Reading the…

James Greenblatt, MD12/02/2024

Gut-Brain Connection

Heal the GI Microbiome to Improve Mental Health

The Gastrointestinal Microbiome Should be a Consideration in any Mental Health Treatment Plan Have you noticed how many patients with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and…

James Greenblatt, MD11/17/2023

Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation

Unraveling the Causes of Long COVID

Long COVD can be devastating for those it affects. Symptoms typically include fatigue, brain fog and memory problems that worsen after physical or mental exertion.…

James Greenblatt, MD11/16/2023

Depression Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Ketosis as a Mental Health Therapy

Therapeutic ketosis is not just a diet, but a powerful treatment tool for some of the most challenging mental illnesses. The Ketogenic Diet and Ketosis…

James Greenblatt, MD10/25/2023

Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation

Celiac Disease’s Impact on the Brain

Celiac disease is often described as an inflammatory gastrointestinal condition caused by a reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat and other related grains,…

James Greenblatt, MD06/22/2023

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Nutritional Psychiatry: The Link Between Diet and Mental Health

When I first started medical school, I was convinced that I could cure all of mankind’s ills with brown rice and kale. And while I…

James Greenblatt, MD05/22/2023

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

What Is Metabolic Psychiatry?

Can a change in diet cure depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia? Some of the latest research suggests the answer is YES! - - - A Metabolic…

James Greenblatt, MD04/20/2023

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

The Intriguing Connection Between Gut Bacteria and ADHD

ADHD and your gut health are an incredibly important connection. That's because bacteria are almost literally everywhere around us. From desert sands to Antarctic ice,…

James Greenblatt, MD04/23/2022

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

What the Studies Say About Lithium and ADHD

Most people have never heard of the idea of using low-dose lithium as a supplement — for any disorder, including ADHD. But high-dose, pharmaceutical lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD04/13/2022

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

Dairy and ADHD

Is Milk Worth It? Many children with ADHD often suffer from an associated milk allergy, too. That's why I often tell the parents of my…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection

How the ADHD Brain Processes Sugar Differently

There is the old belief that all hyperactivity comes from giving your child too many sweets. While some research does claim that chronic sugar, or…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Treating Alzheimer’s Disease with a Ketogenic Diet

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia, officially the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC 2022). And rates are…

James Greenblatt, MD02/28/2022

Binge-Eating Gut-Brain Connection

How Gut Bacteria Affects Mood, Anxiety, and Weight

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi vitae dui et nunc ornare vulputate non fringilla massa. Praesent sit amet erat sapien, auctor consectetur…

James Greenblatt, MD02/08/2022

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Grape Seed Extract Increases Lifespan of Older Mice: The Health Benefits of OPCs for the Body & Brain

I want to connect with you about a subject that has fascinated me since 1990, and which has also become a key component of my…

James Greenblatt, MD12/21/2021

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Amino Acids & Mental Health: Part 1

Free form amino acids are one of the most consistent and powerful tools available for supporting depression and other aspects of mental health. Proteins are the…

James Greenblatt, MD11/29/2021

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

New Case Report: Reading Difficulties & Vitamin B12 Deficiency

From the Desk of Dr. James Greenblatt The International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine (ISOM) just published a new case report about B12 and reading difficulties.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2021

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Gut-Brain Connection

Addicted to Food: My Dopamine Made Me Do It

Addiction is a powerful word. It unleashes feelings of helplessness, anxiety, and chaos. For many of us, the word evokes the image of a particular…

James Greenblatt, MD08/28/2020

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Medical Heresy: Low Cholesterol is Dangerous!

Misleading Messages: What is the Truth about Cholesterol? The cultural dogma is that cholesterol is an evil villain that needs to be eradicated for true…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation Schizophrenia & Psychosis

A Functional Perspective on Gluten, Psychosis, and Schizophrenia

The National Institutes for Mental Health provide a succinct definition for schizophrenia as periods of psychosis characterized by disturbances in thought and perception and disconnections…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

Bipolar Disorder Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional Lithium

Potential Gastrointestinal Benefits of Lithium

When most people think of lithium, they may think of an old, potentially side-effect prone treatment for bipolar disorder. Yet, many people don’t realize lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD08/27/2019

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Psychiatry Redefined: The Evolution of Functional Psychiatry

Measuring the Mind Measurement is the basis of all scientific medicine. Clinical diagnoses, treatments, and success rates all rely on definitive, quantifiable data that can…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

ADHD Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation

Integrative Treatments for Behavioral Problems in Children

There are many underlying causes of ADHD including genetic, neurological, environmental, and nutritional influences. Nutritional factors are often overlooked, yet imbalances of many minerals are…

James Greenblatt, MD03/05/2018

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Optimizing ADHD Treatment with Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs)

Upward Trend of ADHD Diagnoses Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has become the most commonly diagnosed childhood disorder in the United States. An estimated 6.4…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2018

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Dr. James Greenblatt Shares His Views About the Functional Medicine Model of Depression

Original interview by Sheldon Baker for Advances in Mind-Body Medicine. – – – – – – – Advances in Mind-Body Medince (Advances): Congratulations on your…

Psychiatry Redefined07/28/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Top Functional Psychiatry Certifications and Courses for PMHNPs (2026 Guide)

Psychiatry Redefined07/27/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

PMHNP CME Opportunities in Functional & Integrative Psychiatry: How to Choose Education That Actually Changes Your Practice

As a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), continuing education isn't simply about maintaining licensure. It's about becoming the clinician you envisioned when you entered…

Psychiatry Redefined07/10/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What States Can PMHNPs Practice Independently?

If you're considering becoming a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP)—or you're already practicing—you've likely asked an important career question: What states allow PMHNPs to…

Psychiatry Redefined07/08/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Starting a PMHNP Private Practice: What Every Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Should Know

For many Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners (PMHNPs), opening a private practice represents something much bigger than becoming your own boss. It's the opportunity to…

Psychiatry Redefined07/07/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What Are the Principles of Integrative Psychiatry?

Mental healthcare is evolving. While medications remain an important part of treatment for many individuals, more clinicians and patients are asking a different question: What…

Psychiatry Redefined06/23/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine & Functional Psychiatry are at a Crossroads

Written by Kathleen Friend, MD | Psychiatry Redefined Alum Functional medicine—and its younger sibling, functional psychiatry—are at a crossroads. Once known only to a small…

Psychiatry Redefined06/22/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 2

In Part 1 of this series, we defined nutraceutical as a wide variety of products derived from foods or other biological substances that are marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/08/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 1

The nutraceutical industry has become a massive global business that lives somewhere between food, wellness culture, preventive medicine, and pharmaceuticals. It is not surprising that…

Psychiatry Redefined06/04/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Gummy Medicine Cabinet: Pediatric Risks of OTC Supplements

Why “Natural” Products Still Require Adult Supervision Have you walked through Costco or a grocery store lately? The shelves are filled with “natural” supplements marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/02/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Importance of Vitamin B12 for Mental Health

A Functional Psychiatry Perspective on Mood, Memory, Energy, and Brain Health Mental health symptoms are often treated as isolated psychiatric conditions—but what if some cases…

Psychiatry Redefined05/22/2026

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine

What Is the Gut-Brain Axis?

Why Functional Psychiatry Is Paying Attention to the Connection Between the Gut and Mental Health For decades, mental health treatment has focused primarily on the…

Psychiatry Redefined05/20/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Treating Low Iron & Mental Health Symptoms at the Root Cause

Psychiatry Redefined05/19/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Connection Between Zinc and Mental Health: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

Mental health is complex—and increasingly, research continues to show that nutrition and biology play a far greater role in emotional well-being than many clinicians once…

Psychiatry Redefined05/18/2026

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Long COVID and Serotonin: What’s Happening in Your Gut May Be Behind Your Brain Fog

Months after the fever broke and the cough cleared, something still isn't right. The word-finding struggles. The mental fatigue that sleep doesn't fix. The feeling…

Psychiatry Redefined04/29/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Latest Trends in Integrative Psychiatry in 2026

Mental healthcare is changing. More clinicians are asking an important question: What if symptoms like depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, and burnout are not simply chemical…

Psychiatry Redefined04/28/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Depression and Psychedelics: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

Interest in psychedelics for depression treatment is growing rapidly. From media headlines to policy discussions, many clinicians and patients are asking whether psychedelic therapies may…

Psychiatry Redefined04/24/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine is Not Functional Psychiatry

While interest in functional medicine has grown exponentially, functional psychiatry remains underrecognized as a distinct subspecialty. As a result, many patients seeking root-cause approaches to…

Psychiatry Redefined04/23/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy Training Is Surging

But Are Clinicians Missing the First Step? Search interest in psychedelic-assisted therapy training has exploded. Clinicians across psychiatry, psychology, nursing, and integrative medicine are looking for answers…

Psychiatry Redefined04/21/2026

Happy interracial elderly couple enjoying time together indoors, capturing candid moments.

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Important Role in Preserving Brain Health

The human brain is both remarkable and fragile, constantly exposed to the stresses of aging, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors. Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s,…

Psychiatry Redefined04/09/2026

Four diverse women lying on a bed smiling at the camera, sharing a joyful moment.

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

PMDD: Why Hormones Aren’t the Whole Story

A Functional Psychiatry Perspective on Sensitivity, Not Just Symptoms Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is often described as a hormonal condition—but that explanation only tells part…

Psychiatry Redefined04/02/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Pediatricians Should Lead the Way in Nutritional Psychiatry

Across the country, pediatricians are finding themselves on the front lines of a growing mental health crisis in children and adolescents. From rising rates of…

Psychiatry Redefined04/01/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Future of Pediatrics: Why Integrative Psychiatry Is Transforming Mental Health Care for Children

For decades, pediatric mental health care has largely followed a familiar path: identify symptoms, assign a diagnosis, and prescribe medication. And for many children and…

Psychiatry Redefined03/30/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Environmental Triggers in Children: How Toxins, Mold, and Allergens Impact Mental Health

When a child struggles with anxiety, ADHD, mood swings, or behavioral challenges, the conversation often centers around symptoms—and how to manage them. But what if…

Psychiatry Redefined03/28/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Beyond Medications: Integrative Approaches to Mental Health in Children and Adolescents

Over the past two decades, the number of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental health conditions has risen dramatically. Alongside this increase, we’ve seen a…

Psychiatry Redefined03/27/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Rethinking Autism: From Diagnosis to Individual Biology

Psychiatry Redefined03/24/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Pediatricians Should Invest in Functional Psychiatry Training

Moving Beyond Symptom Management to Transform Mental Health Care for Children Pediatricians are often the first—and sometimes only—clinicians families turn to when a child is…

James Greenblatt, MD03/20/2026

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Brain on Fire: Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis

Public and medical awareness of a rare autoimmune encephalitis increased in 2012 when Susannah Cahalan, a reporter for the New York Post, published a medical…

James Greenblatt, MD03/19/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

“Silent Epidemic” of Overdoses from Co-Use of Stimulants and Opiates: The Potential Role of Functional Psychiatry

The Problem Substance use is common in adults with mental health diagnoses and co-occurance is estimated to be around 50% excluding alcohol. In adolescents the…

James Greenblatt, MD03/09/2026

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

An Old Idea, New Data: The Vagus Nerve and Durable Recovery in Treatment-Resistant Depression

A Pathway Functional Psychiatry Has Always Valued For years, functional and integrative psychiatry has emphasized the importance of vagal tone in mental health. We talk…

James Greenblatt, MD02/20/2026

man wearing sweatshirt holding back of head

Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Dark Side of Finasteride: What Men Deserve to Know About Mood, Neurosteroids, and Informed Consent

Finasteride: Commonly Prescribed, Rarely Questioned Finasteride is a medication widely prescribed for male pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While it is FDA-approved…

James Greenblatt, MD02/11/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

What Science Says About Lithium Levels in Drinking Water and Public Health

For decades, lithium has been known as a medication used to treat mood disorders. But beyond its pharmaceutical applications, lithium is also a naturally occurring…

James Greenblatt, MD02/09/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Tipping Point in Psychiatry: 2025’s Breakthroughs and the Road to 2026

2025 marked a true tipping point in functional and precision psychiatry, as a wave of high-quality research moved biological, nutritional, and metabolic drivers of mental…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What is Lifestyle Psychiatry?

Integrating Well-Being Into Psychiatric Practice Lifestyle Psychiatry encourages the integration of evidence-based lifestyle interventions—such as nutrition, physical activity, restorative sleep, and substance use reduction—into mental…

Psychiatry Redefined12/23/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Leucovorin (Folinic Acid) and Autism Treatment Potential

When a new treatment for autism emerges, it is a cause for cautious celebration. The prevalence of autism has risen precipitously and is now estimated…

Psychiatry Redefined12/06/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Rethinking Lithium as a Vital Micronutrient for Mental Wellness

If you hear the word “lithium,” your mind probably jumps to one of two things: a powerful psychiatric medication or the batteries keeping your phone…

James Greenblatt, MD12/05/2025

Silhouette of a man seated on rocks, gazing at a serene Lake Tahoe sunset.

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium’s Role in Calming Aggression and Stabilizing Impulsivity

Aggression and impulsivity can disrupt relationships, careers, and daily life. Whether it manifests as outbursts of anger, difficulty controlling emotions, or reckless decision-making, these behaviors…

James Greenblatt, MD11/14/2025

two women taking a picture with a cell phone

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Exploring Lithium’s Role in Cellular Aging and Lifespan

Aging is inevitable, but how we age is increasingly being understood as something we can influence. Every day, our cells battle oxidative stress, inflammation, and…

James Greenblatt, MD11/12/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Integrative Psychiatry Approaches to Geriatric Depression

Depression in older adults is both common and often overlooked. While it may be dismissed as a “normal part of aging,” geriatric depression is a…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Impact on Genes and Emotional Well-being

Your mental health is influenced by more than just experiences or brain chemistry; it’s written into your DNA. But here’s the twist: the expression of…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

How Adaptogens Tackle Stress and Support Mental Health

Life can sometimes feel like a never-ending race, where you’re constantly juggling responsibilities, deadlines, and personal pressures. The world around us moves fast, and stress…

James Greenblatt, MD09/22/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

What is Functional Psychiatry for Geriatric Depression?

Depression is one of the most common mental health challenges faced by older adults, yet it is often overlooked, misdiagnosed, or treated only with medications…

James Greenblatt, MD09/08/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Nutritional Psychiatry vs. Integrative Psychiatry

What’s the Difference? In recent years, more and more clinicians have recognized that mental health is deeply connected to the body, lifestyle, and environment. At…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2025

A healthcare professional with a stethoscope and red heart symbol emphasizes cardiology care.

Integrative & Functional Medicine

How Functional Psychiatry Empowers PMHNPs

Findings from a large retrospective cohort study published in JAMA Network Open revealed that 7,252 patients treated within a functional medicine model at the Cleveland…

James Greenblatt, MD08/29/2025

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Mast Cells & Mental Health: Bridging Immune–Neuropsychiatric Connections

Emerging evidence highlights Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS)—a complex immune disorder involving cells embedded throughout every tissue in the body—as a potential driver of treatment-resistant…

James Greenblatt, MD08/26/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Saffron: An Old Spice with Exciting Mental Health Benefits

You may know saffron as the expensive spice (it’s actually one of the most expensive foods in the world!) with a vibrant red hue, but…

James Greenblatt, MD07/22/2025

sea, ocean, lake, silohuette, morning, sunrise, sunset, man, colorful, mar menor, cartagena, murcia, spain, nature, coast, sand, beautiful, landscape, scenic

Integrative & Functional Medicine OCD

Supplements for OCD: Natural Solutions to a Debilitating Condition

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. In the media, OCD is often portrayed as merely…

James Greenblatt, MD07/16/2025

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Solutions for ADHD: A Perspective on Natural Approaches

As a globally recognized pioneer in functional and integrative psychiatry, I was pleased to contribute to an article recently published in Woman’s World titled “The…

James Greenblatt, MD07/16/2025

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Sunlight and Mental Health—More Than a Wellness Trend

Psychiatry Redefined Response to the New York Times Article on sunlight exposure (July 8, 2025) This week’s, "NYT Article: What Are the Health Benefits of…

James Greenblatt, MD07/10/2025

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Unseen Battle: How Fourth of July Fireworks Can Trigger PTSD & the Promising Role of NAC

The Fourth of July, a day associated with celebration, freedom, and spectacular fireworks, can unexpectedly cause deep distress for people with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2025

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Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Overlooked Link: How Vitamin D Could Be the Missing Key to Women’s Mental Health

When we think of vitamin D, we usually picture strong bones, fortified milk, and maybe a little sunshine. But what if this humble “sunshine vitamin”…

James Greenblatt, MD06/09/2025

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Revolutionizing Pediatric Mental Health with Integrative Psychiatry

Pediatric mental health is in crisis. Over the past decade, there’s been a steady rise in rates of anxiety, depression, ADHD, and mood disorders in…

James Greenblatt, MD05/22/2025

Featured Integrative & Functional Medicine

Bridging the Gap in Mental Health Education

You’ve heard about functional medicine. Now learn how to apply it in practice. Every week, I hear from clinicians who feel both inspired and overwhelmed. They’ve…

James Greenblatt, MD05/21/2025

Featured Integrative & Functional Medicine

They’re Finally Talking About the Problem. But Where Are the Solutions?

We were encouraged to see The New York Times shed light on the long-overdue conversation around antidepressant withdrawal in a recent opinion piece: "When the Antidepressant Doesn’t Let You Go."…

James Greenblatt, MD05/09/2025

Smiling children with backpacks enjoying a sunny day in an urban setting.

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

CME Opportunities for Pediatricians in Functional and Integrative Psychiatry

Are you seeing more complex mental health conditions in children? Do you need more effective treatment options? Join Psychiatry Redefined’s Certified Pediatric Functional Psychiatry Fellowship!…

James Greenblatt, MD04/07/2025

Happy children and a caregiver playing with colorful toys in a lively indoor playroom setting.

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Benefits of Integrative Psychiatry Training for Pediatricians

In the United States, pediatricians stand at the forefront of an evolving healthcare landscape where nearly one in five children experiences mental illness (Tkacz 2021).…

James Greenblatt, MD04/04/2025

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Reclaim Your Focus With Functional Medicine for Adult ADHD

For adults living with ADHD, life can feel like a never-ending juggling act. Deadlines slip through the cracks, relationships strain under impulsivity, and focus feels…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2025

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Revealing ADHD Root Causes Through Functional Medicine

The diagnosis was ADHD, and the solution seemed almost too simple: a daily dose of medication. At first, it worked like magic—there was quiet in…

James Greenblatt, MD01/18/2025

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine Treatment for ADHD: Adults vs. Children

Imagine sitting down to focus on a simple task—paying a bill, reading an email, or helping your child with homework. For those with ADHD, whether…

James Greenblatt, MD01/16/2025

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

Integrative Therapies for OCD: Functional Medicine & CBT

It starts with a whisper of doubt—a fleeting thought you can’t shake. But soon, it’s a roar, drowning out everything else. You try to let…

James Greenblatt, MD01/15/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Beyond the Prescription Pad: Practical Applications of the Psychiatry Redefined Fellowship

By Josh Habansky, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-BC When I began the Psychiatry Redefined Fellowship, I was eager to expand my clinical toolbox and approach mental health…

Psychiatry Redefined01/05/2025

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Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Homocysteine & Mental Health: A Test With Powerful Insights

As a clinician, you're always looking for ways to better understand and address the root causes of your patients' mental health challenges. In the world…

James Greenblatt, MD11/26/2024

Anorexia Nervosa Integrative & Functional Medicine

Think Zinc: Micronutrient Supplementation for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

Original article published in Psychiatric Times.Our model for treating anorexia nervosa (Anorexia Nervosa) is broken. Treatments are so poorly effective that it has been labeled…

James Greenblatt, MD10/25/2024

High angle of crop unrecognizable lady in sleepwear under blanket showing white medical pills in hand in light room

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium: A New Frontier in Mental Health Treatment

Rethinking Lithium Treatment Lithium has long remained at the forefront of effective treatments for bipolar disorder.1 However, due to safety concerns, a stigma often hangs…

James Greenblatt, MD10/20/2024

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Mental Health in the Sun: The Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Mental Illness

Original article published in Psychiatric Times. Revisiting Vitamin D in Psychiatry Of the many researched integrative medicine interventions for the treatment of mental health conditions,…

James Greenblatt, MD10/18/2024

Selective Focus Photography of Red Waterlily Flower in Bloom

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Integrative Medicine in Psychiatry

Original article: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/integrative-medicine-in-psychiatry Since the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1954, pharmaceutical approaches have been the mainstay treatment for mental health conditions. And although these agents are…

James Greenblatt, MD08/28/2024

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine OCD

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for OCD: A Functional Approach

Introduction to NAC and OCD Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a challenging mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Individuals with OCD struggle with…

James Greenblatt, MD07/17/2024

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Low Hanging Fruit: Addressing Nutrient Deficiencies in Functional Psychiatry

Josh Habansky, MSN, PMHNP-BC Article by Josh Habansky, MSN, PMHNP-BC Participating in the Psychiatry Redefined Fellowship has been a transformative experience, not only in terms…

Psychiatry Redefined06/26/2024

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Antidepressant Withdrawal

James Greenblatt, MD05/11/2024

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Finding My Footing in Functional Psychiatry

Josh Habansky, MSN, PMHNP-BC Article by Josh Habansky, MSN, PMHNP-BC Even before completing my graduate psychiatric nurse practitioner program, I knew I wanted to move…

Psychiatry Redefined05/10/2024

Integrative & Functional Medicine

How to Support Your Patients’ Spirituality

Whole-person care for your patient includes caring for their mind, emotions, and body. It also includes caring for their spirit. Spirituality is “the way individuals…

James Greenblatt, MD02/08/2024

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Are You Prescribing Vitamin N?

There’s the green pill and the blue pill—and they’re both very potent. “N” stands for nature—and I’m hardly the first person to suggest that spending…

James Greenblatt, MD01/26/2024

Featured Integrative & Functional Medicine

How to Get Started with Integrative Psychiatry

The traditional model of prescribing medication first, on trial and error has not been sufficient in our current treatment of mental illness. The rates of…

James Greenblatt, MD12/21/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Fish Oil and Mental Health: A Quality Product Provides the Best Results

Most health-care providers have heard of using omega-3 fatty acids, or fish oil, for supporting mental health. However, if you prescribe fish oil to your…

James Greenblatt, MD12/13/2023

Unrecognizable ethnic female therapist taking notes on clipboard while filling out form during psychological appointment with anonymous client lying on blurred background

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Checklist Medicine: Has Psychiatry Gone Too Far?

Psychiatry Redefined was founded on the understanding that numerous quantifiable genetic and biochemical components underlie mental illness. For many years, research has been building that…

James Greenblatt, MD11/22/2023

Clear Plastic Vials With Blue and Clear Liquid

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

Identify Root Causes of Mental Illness with Lab Diagnostics

Laboratory Diagnostics and Functional Psychiatry If you are frustrated from leaning on the same toolbox of medications and therapies that mostly just provide symptom management,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/05/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

A Tale of Two Conferences

I was at a mental health conference in Chicago two weeks ago. At the conference, there was a wide variety of specialists touting innovations in…

James Greenblatt, MD10/30/2023

Women Having Conversation while Looking at Each Other

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Practical Training & Mentoring to Advance Patient Care

Functional and integrative medicine for mental health can profoundly improve outcomes. And we should know, as we’ve been using and educating on these methods for…

James Greenblatt, MD10/27/2023

Infections & Inflammation Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Link Between Mold and Mental Health

Key Points: Mold exposure and mycotoxins can trigger inflammation, disrupt neurotransmitters, and lead to significant psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, brain fog, and fatigue. Scientists…

James Greenblatt, MD10/16/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Using the Power of Genetics to Transform Psychiatric Treatment

One of the miracles of life is that no two humans are the same, although we inherit many traits from our ancestry. These traits have…

James Greenblatt, MD10/13/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Precision Medicine in Psychiatry for Mental Health Care

What is Precision Medicine? Precision medicine is rapidly transforming current medical practices. As a treatment approach, precision medicine typically uses genetic testing to better understand…

James Greenblatt, MD10/04/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Elevate Your Practice with Functional Medicine

Fewer and fewer doctors are choosing to specialize in psychiatry these days. One obvious reason is the poor efficacy of standard treatments. We become health-care…

James Greenblatt, MD09/18/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Psychedelics and Mental Health

Psychedelics: The Next Panacea? Psychedelics are the latest in a long line of treatments that are being touted as game-changing solutions for mental illness. While…

James Greenblatt, MD08/01/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why I Practice Functional Psychiatry

Functional Psychiatry: A Personalized Approach to Mental Health As a Functional Psychiatrist, I apply fundamental concepts of Functional Medicine to a mental health practice. As…

James Greenblatt, MD05/01/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

A Nurse Practitioner’s Integrative Psychiatry Fellowship Experience

Annie Grummel Ward, PMHNP, is a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner who has been in private practice in Portland, OR since 2004. Annie offers…

Psychiatry Redefined04/27/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Need for More Training Programs in Functional Medicine for Mental Health

The Current State of Mental Health Care When patients seek standard care for depression or other mental health conditions, only between 55% and 75% feel…

James Greenblatt, MD04/18/2023

woman in black tank top sitting on brown wooden dock during daytime

Integrative & Functional Medicine

What is Integrative Medicine?

What is Integrative Medicine? Integrative medicine is a healthcare model that blends conventional medical disease state treatment with complementary, whole-person-focused treatment. Integrative medicine essentially “integrates”…

Psychiatry Redefined03/27/2023

Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Revolution of Modern Psychiatry: A Call to Action

Join the Revolution of Modern Psychiatry: A Call-to-Action for All Mental Health Clinicians Are current psychiatric medications not working for your patients? Are you ready…

James Greenblatt, MD12/29/2022

Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Mental Health Professionals Need More Functional Medicine Training

Our current mental health care system isn't addressing patient needs and concerns. Of patients seeking standard care for depression or other mental health conditions, only…

James Greenblatt, MD12/02/2022

Integrative & Functional Medicine

The Moral Imperative to Changing Mental Health Treatment

Are current treatments or medications not working for you or your patients? Are you sick of managing symptoms and not treating root causes? It’s time…

James Greenblatt, MD06/16/2022

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

The 10 Things to Do When Starting Your Child on ADHD Medication

As an integrative psychiatrist who’s treated behavioral, mental and emotional problems with drug and non-drug therapies for over 30 years, I always look to address…

James Greenblatt, MD04/12/2022

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

How Pine Bark Extract (Pycnogenol) Can Help Regulate ADHD Symptoms

I have treated ADHD patients for over 30 years with great success by combining not only a medicinal approach, but also by first helping patients…

James Greenblatt, MD04/11/2022

ADHD Integrative & Functional Medicine

Why Mindfulness Works So Well for ADHD

Being a psychiatrist doesn’t only involve ensuring my patients have the proper nutrients for healthy brain function and prescribing medication when needed. I also need…

James Greenblatt, MD03/13/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Integrative & Functional Medicine

The New Hope Model: Eliminating Binge Eating and Food Cravings

It’s been said the world is divided into two kinds of people: those who live to eat and those who eat to live. Those who…

James Greenblatt, MD01/25/2022

Anxiety Integrative & Functional Medicine

Treating Stress and Anxiety with Functional Medicine

Unfortunately, the state of our collective mental health has been deteriorating. While normal, external stressors are still taking a toll, when combined with a global…

James Greenblatt, MD01/17/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Integrative & Functional Medicine

Binge Eating: Controlling Appetite with Medications

Suggesting medicine as a treatment for food addiction raises a red flag with many professionals. They argue that the solution to our nation’s weight problems…

James Greenblatt, MD01/12/2022

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Depression Redefined: Taking a Functional Medicine Approach

Depression is a disabling illness that can profoundly impact physical and psychological well-being, trapping those who struggle with it in a quagmire of sadness and…

James Greenblatt, MD09/10/2021

Gut-Brain Connection Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

New Case Report: Reading Difficulties & Vitamin B12 Deficiency

From the Desk of Dr. James Greenblatt The International Society for Orthomolecular Medicine (ISOM) just published a new case report about B12 and reading difficulties.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2021

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Integrative & Functional Medicine

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Redefined: A Call for Help

From the Desk of Dr. James Greenblatt Dear friends, We are facing an unprecedented crisis of mental illness in today’s youth. Mental health and neurological…

James Greenblatt, MD08/27/2021

Depression Integrative & Functional Medicine

Functional Medicine for Depression

Depression is a disabling illness that can strangle one’s life and spirit and severely reduce both psychological and physical well-being. It is surprisingly common, affecting…

James Greenblatt, MD03/07/2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Shielding the Brain From Alzheimer’s

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Alzheimer’s disease begins decades before symptoms appear, well before memory loss becomes…

James Greenblatt, MD06/03/2026

ADHD Depression Nutritional Lithium

Irritability: An Overlooked Symptom in ADHD and Depression

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Irritability is one of the most distressing and overlooked features of ADHD…

James Greenblatt, MD05/26/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Important Role in Preserving Brain Health

The human brain is both remarkable and fragile, constantly exposed to the stresses of aging, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors. Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s,…

Psychiatry Redefined04/09/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

What Science Says About Lithium Levels in Drinking Water and Public Health

For decades, lithium has been known as a medication used to treat mood disorders. But beyond its pharmaceutical applications, lithium is also a naturally occurring…

James Greenblatt, MD02/09/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Rethinking Lithium as a Vital Micronutrient for Mental Wellness

If you hear the word “lithium,” your mind probably jumps to one of two things: a powerful psychiatric medication or the batteries keeping your phone…

James Greenblatt, MD12/05/2025

Eating Disorders Nutritional Lithium

New Insights on Lithium and Nutritional Psychiatry for Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are among the most complex psychiatric conditions, affecting not just food intake but also brain chemistry, metabolism, and emotional regulation. While therapy and…

James Greenblatt, MD11/26/2025

Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

How Lithium May Help Support Immune Function and Blood Cell Production

The human body relies on a delicate balance of nutrients and minerals to keep its defenses strong—but what if one of the most overlooked players…

James Greenblatt, MD11/24/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium’s Role in Calming Aggression and Stabilizing Impulsivity

James Greenblatt, MD11/14/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Exploring Lithium’s Role in Cellular Aging and Lifespan

Aging is inevitable, but how we age is increasingly being understood as something we can influence. Every day, our cells battle oxidative stress, inflammation, and…

James Greenblatt, MD11/12/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

How Lithium Could Inspire New Alzheimer’s Pharmaceuticals

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most pressing medical challenges of our time. More than 7 million Americans are currently living with this devastating neurodegenerative…

James Greenblatt, MD11/05/2025

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and the Gut-Brain Axis: A Path to Holistic Health

When you hear the word "lithium," you might picture a prescription bottle or think of its role in treating bipolar disorder. But what if lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD11/04/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Role in Relieving Migraines and Cluster Headaches

If you’ve ever experienced a migraine or cluster headache, you know how debilitating they can be. A migraine can leave you curled up in a…

James Greenblatt, MD10/30/2025

women, girls, talking, beauty, model, portrait, talking, talking, talking, talking, talking

Nutritional Lithium

How Lithium Influences Hormone Balance and Emotional Stability

Hormones act as the body’s messengers, coordinating everything from mood to metabolism. But what happens when this delicate system is thrown off balance? From heightened…

James Greenblatt, MD10/23/2025

Grandfather and grandson taking a selfie together

Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

How Lithium Offers New Insights into Parkinson’s Management

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slow-moving thief, gradually robbing individuals of their ability to move freely and perform daily tasks with ease. What starts as…

James Greenblatt, MD10/22/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Supplementation in Functional Medicine Explained

Lithium—a mineral born in the stars and essential to life on Earth—is one of the most misunderstood elements in human health. Often reduced to its…

James Greenblatt, MD10/02/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Deficiency: Symptoms, Causes, and Effective Treatments

When we think of essential minerals, we usually focus on well-known ones like magnesium, calcium, and zinc. But there’s another critical mineral that rarely gets…

James Greenblatt, MD09/29/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Microdosing for Beginners: The Safe Way to Start

The concept of microdosing has gained traction in health and wellness circles, with people exploring the use of small, safe doses of various substances to…

James Greenblatt, MD09/27/2025

Anxiety Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Role in Managing Anxiety Naturally

Anxiety can feel like an endless loop of worry, unease, and restlessness, affecting not only your mental health but also your ability to enjoy life.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/25/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Impact on Genes and Emotional Well-being

Your mental health is influenced by more than just experiences or brain chemistry; it’s written into your DNA. But here’s the twist: the expression of…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium for Mental Health

A Surprising Protective Mineral A major 2020 study in the British Journal of Psychiatry looked at 15 different regions and found the same thing again and again:…

James Greenblatt, MD09/22/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

The Protective Role of Lithium Against Alzheimer’s

The statistics are sobering: every 67 seconds, someone in the United States develops Alzheimer’s disease. Globally, this neurodegenerative condition is on track to affect nearly…

James Greenblatt, MD09/21/2025

Nutritional Lithium

Unlocking the Power of Lithium for a Healthy Brain

Your brain is your most complex and vital organ, tirelessly managing everything from memories and emotions to basic survival functions. But what happens when your…

James Greenblatt, MD09/19/2025

a woman sleeping on a bed with a blue blanket

Nutritional Lithium

Finding More Restful Sleep with Low-Dose Lithium

Key Points: Low-dose lithium (a natural trace mineral) may help improve sleep by regulating stress hormones and neurotransmitters. It supports melatonin production by stabilizing serotonin,…

James Greenblatt, MD09/18/2025

Anxiety Nutritional Lithium

Low Dose Lithium & Anxiety

Anxiety rates are climbing worldwide (Wang et al., 2025). As demand grows for safer, integrative solutions, research is shining a light on an overlooked trace…

James Greenblatt, MD09/04/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Depression Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Orotate Benefits

Lithium is commonly prescribed for mood disorders. Research out of Canada’s McGill University has found that microdoses of the supplement — 400 times lower than…

James Greenblatt, MD09/01/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium, Alzheimer Disease, and a Turning Point in Mental Health Care

Alzheimer disease remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. It is a black hole that consumes memory, independence, dignity, and time. Despite decades…

James Greenblatt, MD08/22/2025

Detailed brain MRI scans displayed on a lightbox, showcasing medical imaging techniques.

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Alzheimer’s: From an Ancient Element, a New Hope

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a black hole—a force that consumes memory, independence, health, dignity, time, and energy, pulling everything beyond the point of return. The…

James Greenblatt, MD08/15/2025

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Deficiency and Alzheimer’s Disease

James Greenblatt, MD08/08/2025

boy in white crew neck shirt standing on yellow flower field during daytime

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium & Autism: Emerging Insights from Research and Relevance to Psychiatry Redefined

A Landmark Lithium Study and Its Implications for ASD A recent animal study published in Neuroscience News has brought attention to lithium’s potential in modulating behaviors associated…

Psychiatry Redefined01/03/2025

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium: A New Frontier in Mental Health Treatment

Rethinking Lithium Treatment Lithium has long remained at the forefront of effective treatments for bipolar disorder.1 However, due to safety concerns, a stigma often hangs…

James Greenblatt, MD10/20/2024

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Dementia

Nearly six million people in the United States are living with Alzheimer's disease, and levels are projected to increase (AA 2023). It's estimated that one…

James Greenblatt, MD01/06/2024

Anxiety Depression Nutritional Lithium

Low-Dose Lithium, Genetic Markers and Precision Medicine

Precision medicine is the future of modern psychiatry. At Psychiatry Redefined, we’ve already been training health-care providers in a precision, whole-person treatment approach – far…

James Greenblatt, MD11/29/2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Could Lithium Be Key to Preventing Dementia?

Some medical conditions are so feared and widespread that a diagnosis can devastate individuals and families. The distress and dread caused by a diagnosis of…

James Greenblatt, MD05/19/2023

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Autism: Does A Recent Study Suggest a Potential Link?

Autism rates have been increasing at a disturbing clip and scientists still don’t have a firm understanding of the causes or contributing factors that lead…

James Greenblatt, MD04/25/2023

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium for Irritability Related to Autism

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD or, commonly, “autism”) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired communication, challenges with social interactions and social cue processing, and repetitive behaviors.1…

James Greenblatt, MD01/12/2023

Depression Nutritional Lithium

Lithium & Depression

Lithium has been used medicinally since the days of Ancient Greece, and over much of the last century it has enjoyed a prominent position within…

James Greenblatt, MD01/11/2023

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Side Effects

As the Renaissance physician Paracelsus famously wrote, “All things are poison / and nothing is without poison / the dosage alone makes it so a…

James Greenblatt, MD01/10/2023

The stars and galaxy as seen from Rocky Mountain National Park.

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Dosing

Despite being one of the oldest elements in the known universe, lithium remains, to this day, shrouded in mystery. What is lithium? Is it a…

James Greenblatt, MD01/09/2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium: The Cinderella Story About a Mineral That May Prevent Dementia

Every four seconds, someone in the world develops dementia. Worldwide, an estimated 35.6 million people already live with a form of this neurodegenerative disorder, and…

James Greenblatt, MD12/21/2022

Nutritional Lithium

Symptoms of Lithium Deficiency: Irritability, Anger, and Rage

Irritability and anger are often not well addressed in standard psychiatry. Usually, they are seen as a component of a diagnosis, such as bipolar disorder…

James Greenblatt, MD10/01/2022

ADHD Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional Lithium

Why Low-Dose Nutritional Lithium Should Be an Option for ADHD

Most people haven't heard about the connection between lithium and ADHD. Lithium is a mineral—albeit an unusual one so soft you can cut it with…

James Greenblatt, MD05/02/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

The Benefits of Lithium for Dementia Treatment

For the last few decades, research has been building that shows lithium may be a disease-modifying treatment and preventative agent for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.…

James Greenblatt, MD04/06/2022

An attentive group of adults seated at an indoor conference, focusing on a presentation.

Nutritional Lithium

New Information on Nutritional Lithium (IMMH 2018)

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Morbi vitae dui et nunc ornare vulputate non fringilla massa. Praesent sit amet erat sapien, auctor consectetur…

James Greenblatt, MD02/08/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Two Simple Approaches for Prevention of Cognitive Decline & Dementia

Dear friends, Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, is a devastating illness. And the latest research suggests things are only getting worse. Currently,…

James Greenblatt, MD09/24/2021

Psychiatry Redefined's Fundamentals of Nutritional Psychiatry Training

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Nutritional Lithium

Lithium As a Nutrient in Food & Water

Want to learn more? Join Dr. Greenblatt for a webinar exploring the benefits of nutritional lithium—plus, gain practical, evidence-based strategies for safe use in patient…

James Greenblatt, MD01/04/2021

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Mining & Indigenous Populations

Demand for lithium continues to grow at a rapid pace. Due to its use for energy storage in lithium batteries, companies have been working to…

James Greenblatt, MD12/14/2020

Nutritional Lithium

The Commercial Uses of Lithium: Lithium-Ion Batteries & White Lithium Grease

Lithium, in its pure form, is a reactive, light-silver colored, alkali metal. It is the lightest metal with the lowest density, having half the density…

James Greenblatt, MD09/25/2020

Nutritional Lithium

The Rise & Fall of a Patent Medicine: Lithia Water

The Discovery of Lithium’s Effects on Uric Acid Crystals Before its use as a medication for bipolar, lithium had a fairly storied history as a…

James Greenblatt, MD06/11/2020

Bipolar Disorder Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

Lithium & Inflammation

For as long as lithium has been used in medicine, we still don’t have a complete understanding of its underlying effects on our physiology. It…

James Greenblatt, MD04/03/2020

Nutritional Lithium Suicide Prevention

3 Meta-Analyses in 2020 Report that Naturally Occurring Lithium in Drinking Water Associated with Lower Suicide Rates

Every 10.9 minutes, someone in America fatally harms themselves, with suicide ranking as the 10th leading cause of death in the United States.. Worldwide, suicide…

James Greenblatt, MD02/16/2020

Nutritional Lithium

A Nobel-Winning Technology Reaffirms a Noble Nutritional

Since its discovery in 1817, researchers in the physical sciences have gained a deeper appreciation of lithium, an alkali earth metal. In October 2019, The…

James Greenblatt, MD01/12/2020

Bipolar Disorder Nutritional Lithium

Telomeres & the Anti-aging Effects of Lithium

As research has continued to unfold around our understanding of lithium, some fairly interesting effects are starting to be revealed. While benefits for bipolar disorder,…

James Greenblatt, MD11/20/2019

Bipolar Disorder Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional Lithium

Potential Gastrointestinal Benefits of Lithium

When most people think of lithium, they may think of an old, potentially side-effect prone treatment for bipolar disorder. Yet, many people don’t realize lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD08/27/2019

Nutritional Lithium

The Role of Lithium in Preserving Memory as We Age

As far as cosmologists can tell, there were only three elements present when the universe was first formed some 13.8 billion years ago: hydrogen, helium,…

James Greenblatt, MD07/01/2019

Bipolar Disorder Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

Lithium: Viral Infections & Low White Blood Cell Counts

As a medical treatment for bipolar, lithium has a tarnished reputation. Many patients and providers view the drug as side-effect prone or downright dangerous. And…

James Greenblatt, MD03/12/2019

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and the Treatment of Cluster Headaches

Cluster headaches are a severe form of headache that typically occurs on one side, centered around or above the eye. The headaches last up to…

James Greenblatt, MD02/17/2019

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Why Lithium Should Be Part of the Alzheimer’s Solution

There are certain medical conditions we all fear because of their devastating symptoms and the huge numbers of people they affect. They deserve major public…

James Greenblatt, MD01/24/2019

Bipolar Disorder Nutritional Lithium

Lithium Carbonate as a Treatment for Bipolar Disorder

A Brief Overview of the History and Research Early History Lithium has been used in medicine almost since its discovery in the early 1800s.…

James Greenblatt, MD09/22/2018

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional Lithium Suicide Prevention

Lithium and Anorexia

Anorexia is a challenging condition to treat effectively. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating anorexia nervosa and most of the latest research does…

James Greenblatt, MD07/20/2018

Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor for neurons. Discovered in 1982 in samples of brain tissue from pigs, the growth factor has…

James Greenblatt, MD05/06/2018

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium and Cancer

While lithium is typically considered just a treatment for mental health conditions, evidence has slowly been building suggesting protective effects against cancer. An early study…

James Greenblatt, MD01/16/2018

Infections & Inflammation Nutritional Lithium

Nutritional Lithium: Orchestrating Our Genes & Optimizing Our Moods

Adapted from Nutritional Lithium: The Cinderella Story written by James Greenblatt, MD, and Kayla Grossman, RN. Epigenetics & Psychiatry The field of epigenetics has far-reaching…

James Greenblatt, MD09/10/2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional Lithium

Lithium in Drinking Water May Reduce Incidence of Dementia

In psychiatry it has been well-documented that lithium has brain-protecting results when used at highly concentrated therapeutic doses. Pharmaceutical lithium (600-1200mg) has long been considered…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2017

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium: The Untold Story of the Magic Mineral

Key Points: Lithium is not just a psychiatric drug—it’s a naturally occurring trace mineral found in water, soil, and food. At low, nutritional doses, lithium…

James Greenblatt, MD09/03/2017

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional Lithium

Lithium’s Billion Year Journey

A Cinderella Story for Brain Health Article adapted from Nutritional Lithium: The Cinderella Story written by James Greenblatt, MD, and Kayla Grossman, RN. As far…

James Greenblatt, MD08/19/2017

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 2

In Part 1 of this series, we defined nutraceutical as a wide variety of products derived from foods or other biological substances that are marketed…

Psychiatry Redefined06/08/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Key Nutraceuticals in Mental Health, Part 1

The nutraceutical industry has become a massive global business that lives somewhere between food, wellness culture, preventive medicine, and pharmaceuticals. It is not surprising that…

Psychiatry Redefined06/04/2026

Depression Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Are Antidepressants Anti-Sex?

This article was originally published in PsychologyToday by Dr. James Greenblatt. Key points Sexual dissatisfaction is linked with higher rates of depression. Antidepressants frequently cause…

James Greenblatt, MD06/01/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Importance of Vitamin B12 for Mental Health

A Functional Psychiatry Perspective on Mood, Memory, Energy, and Brain Health Mental health symptoms are often treated as isolated psychiatric conditions—but what if some cases…

Psychiatry Redefined05/22/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Treating Low Iron & Mental Health Symptoms at the Root Cause

Psychiatry Redefined05/19/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Connection Between Zinc and Mental Health: A Functional Psychiatry Perspective

Mental health is complex—and increasingly, research continues to show that nutrition and biology play a far greater role in emotional well-being than many clinicians once…

Psychiatry Redefined05/18/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Latest Trends in Integrative Psychiatry in 2026

Mental healthcare is changing. More clinicians are asking an important question: What if symptoms like depression, anxiety, ADHD, insomnia, and burnout are not simply chemical…

Psychiatry Redefined04/28/2026

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Long Overdue Nutritional Education is Coming to Medical Schools: A Necessary Shift but is it Enough?

After decades of neglect, nutrition is finally being acknowledged in medical education. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), under the leadership of Robert…

Psychiatry Redefined04/10/2026

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

Nutritional Psychiatry in Pediatrics: Unlocking the Mind-Body Connection

When children struggle with attention, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, sleep issues, or emotional regulation, the conversation often turns quickly to symptoms and diagnosis. But for…

James Greenblatt, MD03/23/2026

Integrative & Functional Medicine Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry

The Tipping Point in Psychiatry: 2025’s Breakthroughs and the Road to 2026

2025 marked a true tipping point in functional and precision psychiatry, as a wave of high-quality research moved biological, nutritional, and metabolic drivers of mental…

James Greenblatt, MD01/20/2026

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Schizophrenia & Psychosis

The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Schizophrenia

Researchers looked at two patient cases who suffered from schizophrenia for decades. These patients were asked to share their specific experiences because they were able…

James Greenblatt, MD02/23/2022

Infections & Inflammation Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Schizophrenia & Psychosis

The Potential for Recovery from Schizophrenia with a Ketogenic Diet: Two Case Reports

Schizophrenia continues to be an enigmatic condition, mostly due to there not being a clear or full understanding of its underlying cause. While studies of…

James Greenblatt, MD02/17/2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Schizophrenia & Psychosis

Ketogenic Diets for Mental Health – What Does the Research Say?

What is the Ketogenic Diet? Ketosis is a state where the body is forced to rely on fat rather than carbohydrates for energy production. Think…

James Greenblatt, MD01/31/2022

Gut-Brain Connection Infections & Inflammation Schizophrenia & Psychosis

A Functional Perspective on Gluten, Psychosis, and Schizophrenia

The National Institutes for Mental Health provide a succinct definition for schizophrenia as periods of psychosis characterized by disturbances in thought and perception and disconnections…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

Depression Suicide Prevention

Zinc and Suicide: The Overlooked Link in Depression Treatment

What comes to mind when you think of 'zinc’? Materials engineering? Sunscreen? Immune-health-boosting? All of these are good answers! Zinc is a linchpin of industrial…

James Greenblatt, MD07/07/2025

Depression Suicide Prevention

Suicide Prevention Redefined: New Opportunities for Saving Lives

By the time you finish reading this article, a person somewhere in America will have committed suicide. If you read this article again a year…

James Greenblatt, MD05/27/2024

ADHD Eating Disorders Suicide Prevention

ADHD and the Risk of Other Mental Health Disorders

ADHD and Mental Health Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most common mental health conditions among children in the United States. The diagnosis…

James Greenblatt, MD09/06/2023

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Rapid Relief of Suicidal Ideation with Vitamin B

With suicide rates continuing to climb, the challenges around suicide prevention often seem insurmountable. Yet research, clinical experience and case studies highlight how suicide is…

James Greenblatt, MD08/24/2023

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Lost in the Storm: The Youth Mental Health Crisis

Rates of childhood mental illness and related concerns have been rising for years. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents were hit exceptionally hard. While major…

James Greenblatt, MD06/15/2023

Infections & Inflammation Suicide Prevention

Awareness Isn’t Enough: Suicide Rates and the Failure of Mainstream Mental Health Care

May is Mental Health Awareness Month. Awareness is good, but it isn’t enough. Awareness alone doesn’t translate into action or prevention of suicide. It’s time…

James Greenblatt, MD05/09/2023

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Nutritional Risk Factors in Suicide: How Vitamin D Can Help

"We cannot deny the role of Vitamin D, serotonin synthesis and suicide risk. This is a critical article supporting the powerful and important role of…

Psychiatry Redefined04/05/2023

Depression Suicide Prevention

Teenage Mental Health Crisis

Dear friends, Psychiatry Redefined was created to address the deficiencies in mainstream psychiatry’s standard approach to treatment. More than ever, the latest CDC survey on…

James Greenblatt, MD02/21/2023

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Medical Myths: From 64 Ounces of Water Per Day to “Healthy” Low Cholesterol

I started Psychiatry Redefined in an effort to address the challenges present in mainstream psychiatry’s approach to patient care. Considering the poor efficacy of a…

James Greenblatt, MD11/18/2022

Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Suicide Prevention Beyond Lithium: A Role for Folate?

I started Psychiatry Redefined because present challenges and obstacles in our current medical approach to mental health care. Treating patients with a one-size-fits-all, medication-based strategy…

James Greenblatt, MD11/17/2022

Binge-Eating Eating Disorders Suicide Prevention

Eating Disorders, Self-Harming Behavior & Suicide

Eating Disorders and Suicide Anorexia is the most lethal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. On average, between 5% and 10%…

James Greenblatt, MD10/18/2021

Nutritional Lithium Suicide Prevention

3 Meta-Analyses in 2020 Report that Naturally Occurring Lithium in Drinking Water Associated with Lower Suicide Rates

Every 10.9 minutes, someone in America fatally harms themselves, with suicide ranking as the 10th leading cause of death in the United States.. Worldwide, suicide…

James Greenblatt, MD02/16/2020

Gut-Brain Connection Nutritional & Metabolic Psychiatry Suicide Prevention

Medical Heresy: Low Cholesterol is Dangerous!

Misleading Messages: What is the Truth about Cholesterol? The cultural dogma is that cholesterol is an evil villain that needs to be eradicated for true…

James Greenblatt, MD10/14/2019

Anorexia Nervosa Eating Disorders Nutritional Lithium Suicide Prevention

Lithium and Anorexia

Anorexia is a challenging condition to treat effectively. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating anorexia nervosa and most of the latest research does…

James Greenblatt, MD07/20/2018

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